Natural Science and Sumerian Civilization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does natural science primarily focus on?

  • The study of natural objects and phenomena (correct)
  • The study of societal institutions and dynamics
  • The study of human behaviors and interactions
  • The study of abstract concepts and theories
  • Which branch of biological science is concerned with the classification of organisms?

  • Zoology
  • Taxonomy (correct)
  • Physiology
  • Ecology
  • Which branch of physical science studies atmospheric conditions?

  • Geology
  • Climatology (correct)
  • Oceanography
  • Mineralogy
  • What is technology primarily described as?

    <p>Practical applications of knowledge about nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a community with common traditions and collective activities?

    <p>Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field does sociology primarily focus?

    <p>The study of human society and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major branches of natural science divided into?

    <p>Physical and Biological Sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an application of technology?

    <p>Medical diagnostics and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the development in engineering primarily allow humans to do?

    <p>Build structures to address specific needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is architecture perceived among nations?

    <p>As a status symbol of technological advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major contributions of the Sumerians?

    <p>The first writing system known as cuneiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable structure is the Sumerians credited with building?

    <p>The City of Uruk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of cuneiform according to Sumerians?

    <p>To record historical events and daily life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were the Sumerians motivated to develop advancements in technology?

    <p>Out of necessity and desire for improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature did Sumerian architecture often incorporate?

    <p>Elaborate designs and decorations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Sumerian civilization regarding cooperation?

    <p>They demonstrated a high degree of cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of transportation in the context provided?

    <p>To assist in returning home after trade or exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did communication play in the interactions with other cultures?

    <p>It helped maintain records of history and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was record keeping considered important in early societies?

    <p>To document trades and establish identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What necessity drove the increase in demand for mass production?

    <p>A growing population with limited resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did weapons and armor contribute to early societal developments?

    <p>They provided protection against potential invaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main desires behind trade between groups in early societies?

    <p>To exchange surplus goods for lacking items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a function of navigation in early exploration?

    <p>To enable safe return home after discoveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did new settlements influence the interaction with surrounding tribes?

    <p>They encouraged the formation of protective alliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance did the Babylonians use to smoothen the roads they constructed?

    <p>Bitumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials was used in ancient Egypt to create writing surfaces?

    <p>Papyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is said to have built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?

    <p>King Nebuchadnezzar II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function did the Egyptians believe makeup served?

    <p>Preventing evil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of ink developed by the Egyptians?

    <p>Recording history and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of writing system did the Egyptians develop?

    <p>Hieroglyphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization is known for the engineering feat of the Hanging Gardens?

    <p>Babylonian Civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ingredient of the kohl used by ancient Egyptians around their eyes?

    <p>Soot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material did the Sumerians primarily use to build their city structures?

    <p>Mud and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Great Ziggurat of Ur?

    <p>Sacred site for their chief God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What solutions did the Sumerians create to address issues with water supply and flooding?

    <p>Dikes and irrigation canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode of transportation was primarily used by the Sumerians before the invention of the wheel?

    <p>Sailboats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary initial use of the first wheel developed by the Mesopotamians?

    <p>For agricultural work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the plow benefit Sumerian agriculture?

    <p>Allowed for faster planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature did the Sumerians develop to improve travel and traffic flow?

    <p>First roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did sailboats play in Sumerian society?

    <p>They were essential for transportation and trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model placed Earth at the center of the Solar System?

    <p>Geocentric Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did Copernicus propose?

    <p>The sun is the center of the Solar System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reaction to Copernicus's theory at first?

    <p>It was initially rejected by the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Charles Darwin introduce in 'On the Origin of Species'?

    <p>The theory of natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Freud's theory of psychoanalysis challenge?

    <p>The view that psychology is purely an art.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of natural selection imply within Darwin's theory?

    <p>The fittest individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key element in Freud's explanation of personality?

    <p>The id, ego, and super ego.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did scientific and technological development begin in the Philippines?

    <p>Pre-colonial Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Science, Technology, & Society

    • This course examines the interplay between science, technology, and society.
    • It explores how scientific and technological advancements impact societal structures, cultures, and values.
    • The course also delves into the historical context of these developments.

    Science and It's Branches

    • Science is a system of knowledge about the natural world, gained through the scientific method.
    • It involves the study of the natural world.
    • Science employs scientific methods.
    • Divisions of Science include:
      • Natural Sciences (deals with natural objects and phenomena, grouped into physical and biological sciences)
      • Biological Sciences (concerned with living things, their structures, processes, and influencing factors)
      • Natural Science Branches: -Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, Ecology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Phycology,
      • Physical Sciences (focuses on the predictable behavior of the world around us)
      • Physical Science Branches:
        • Astronomy, Mathematics, Geology, Mineralogy, Oceanography, Physics, Meteorology, Climatology, Earth Science
      • Social Sciences (explore human society—past, present, and behavior)
      • Branches of Social Sciences:
        • Economics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, History

    Technology

    • Technology represents the practical applications of knowledge about nature.
    • It's often categorized as art or craft or a subject area.

    Society

    • Society is a community, nation, or broad group of people with shared traditions, institutions, and collective activities.

    Ancient Times

    • Ancient civilizations focused on transportation, navigation, communication, record-keeping, mass production, security, health, aesthetics, and architecture.
    • Reasons for transportation advancement include:
      • Searching for food and better locations.
      • Discovering new places.
      • Trading surplus goods.
      • Facilitating communication.
      • Preventing possible conflicts.
      • Discovering and occupying new places.
    • Record-keeping provided documentation of trades.
    • Mass production developed to meet the needs of expanding populations.

    Mass Production

    • Growing populations necessitated increased food production.
    • Mass production of resources was crucial.
    • Technology solved the problem of increased need for resources.

    Weapons and Armor

    • Weapons and armor became necessary due to conflict between groups.
    • Establishments of alliances with other tribes were also needed.
    • Protection, security, and avoidance of conflict were key motivations.

    Health

    • Science and technology played prominent roles in the discovery of cures for and prevention of illnesses.
    • Engineering feats allowed the design and construction of structures to meet specific needs and wants.
    • Elaborate architectural designs reflected technological advancement of civilizations.
    • Beauty and aesthetics were also important motivators for development.

    Sumerian Civilization

    • Sumeria, located in ancient Mesopotamia, was known for its cooperation.
    • Sumerians were not content with basic necessities
    • Inventiveness and development of technology were paramount.
    • Sumerians developed cuneiform writing utilizing word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay.
    • They were able to keep records of daily life with great historical value.
    • The city of Uruk was a remarkable engineering feat built entirely using mud and sun-baked bricks.

    Irrigation and Dikes

    • Increasing populations led to a challenge in food production due to resource scarcity.
    • Sumerians countered this using irrigation canals and dikes to bring water to farmlands and control flooding.

    Sailboats

    • In the absence of the wheel for transportation, water routes were used.
    • Larger quantities of products could be carried and covered larger distances through the use of water-borne sailboats.

    The Wheel

    • The initial purpose of the wheel was not transportation, but rather for use in farm work and food processes.
    • Wheel and axle inventions led to greater ease of mass production.

    Plow

    • Developed to enhance and speed-up farming processes.
    • A faster rate of land preparation made the planting process faster.

    Roads

    • Advancements in road construction brought about easier and more organized flow of traffic.

    Babylonian Civilization

    • Babylonian civilization arose near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
    • Babylonians were notable builders, engineers, and architects.
    • Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a layered structure comprised of different species of plants, trees, and vines.

    Egyptian Civilization

    • Egyptian civilization, situated in North Africa, known for impressive engineering feats reflected in their infrastructures.
    • Papyrus, derived from the Nile River plant, was a significant contribution to ease of writing.
    • Ink, made from a combination of soot and chemicals, enabled the recording of history, cultures, and coded laws.
    • Hieroglyphics, a system of symbols, were developed to serve as writing system.

    Cosmetics

    • Egyptian cosmetics were used for health and aesthetic purposes.
    • Kohl, a substance applied around the eyes, was used in the prevention and treatment of eye illnesses.
    • Wigs served a health and wellness function to protect the head.

    Water Clock/Clepsydra

    • This device relied on the principles of gravity to measure time.
    • The amount of water remaining in the vessel determined the duration passed.

    Greek Civilization

    • Greece, an archipelago in southeastern Europe, was the birthplace of western philosophy.
    • Major achievements included in-depth studies of philosophy and mathematics.
    • Alarm clocks, water vessels and water systems were developed to signify the start of lectures.
    • Important innovations included watermills, a better alternative that required less effort.

    Roman Civilization

    • The Roman Empire was a powerful political and social entity.
    • They pioneered politics and governance and served as examples for other civilizations in legislation and codified laws.
    • First newspapers (gazettes) were developed and contained announcements to the public of important news.
    • Bound books (codex) were created in order to ease storage of papyrus documents..
    • Roman architecture builds upon the traditions of the Greeks making similar architectural elements.

    Chinese Civilization

    • China is the oldest civilization in Asia.
    • Silk production was responsible for connecting China and the rest of the world.
    • Tea production employed machines to shred tea leaves into strips.
    • The Great Wall of China was a large extensive infrastructure built to keep out foreign invaders.
    • Gunpowder, utilized for weaponry, originally developed by alchemists to attain immortality and not as a weapon.

    Medieval/Middle Ages

    • Massive invasions and migrations ushered in the Medieval period.
    • Wars were prevalent, resulting in advancements in weaponry, including crossbows, longbows and iron body armors.

    Printing Press

    • Johann Gutenberg invented a more reliable and improved method of printing, utilizing a cast type.
    • The method used wooden machines to extract juice from fruits, attach them to a metal impression, and press firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper.

    Microscope

    • Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound microscope, building on the concept of eyeglasses.
    • The tool allowed for unprecedented observation of organisms and details invisible to the naked eye.

    Telescope

    • The invention of the telescope supported the navigation efforts across great distances and seas.
    • The combined use of a telescope and navigational tools (compass) allowed for greater ease of navigation..

    War Weapons

    • Widespread wars during the Middle Ages prompted significant advancements in weaponry technology.
    • Development in crossbows, longbows, and iron body armors resulted from close-range and open-area combat needs.

    Modern Times

    • The increase in the world population and the demand for increased production necessitated more efficient use of resources.

    Pasteurization

    • Developed as a solution to the problem of food preservation and safety and spoilage of readily perishable items.
    • Dairy products, especially milk, required special handling to prevent rapid spoilage.

    Petroleum Refinery

    • Samuel M. Kier developed kerosene by refining petroleum for illuminating homes.
    • In the modern times, the usage of kerosene further extended into the realm of heating purposes.

    Telephone

    • The need to maintain real-time communication in a vastly expanding interconnected world spurred the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell.

    Calculator

    • The need for more complicated calculations in modern times led to the invention of the calculator and paved the way for complex processing machines like the computer.

    Philippine Inventions

    • Despite the lack of readily available resources, the Filipinos demonstrated remarkable ingenuity to cope with the natural disasters and environment of the Philippines.
      • Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
      • SALT Lamp
      • Medical Incubator

    Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

    • The DOST-ITDI, in 2010, developed a mosquito control system using natural ingredients which are harmless to humans and the environment.

    eJeepney

    • The jeepney, a prominent mode of transportation in the Philippines, was initially powered by diesel resulting in a major contributor to noise and air pollution.
    • An electric jeepney (eJeepney) was developed to address these issues.

    Intellectual Revolution

    • This period marked a significant shift in society's thoughts and beliefs through advances in science and technology.

    Copernican Revolution

    • Early humans questioned how the heavenly bodies shaped the Earth's daily and night cycle.
    • The invention of the telescope allowed humans to comprehend space and the intricate patterns in the celestial bodies.
    • Greek philosophers theorized about planet movements resulting in an understanding of a geocentric Earth model.
    • Claudius Ptolemy, a famous philosopher and astronomer, posited that planets, the Sun and Moon revolved around Earth (geocentrism).
    • Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer and mathematician, challenged the prevailing geocentric model.
    • He introduced the heliocentric model, in which the Sun is at the center of the solar system and planets revolve around the Sun.
    • This idea, initially rejected, was eventually universally adopted.

    Darwinian Revolution

    • Charles Darwin, an English naturalist published his book, "On the Origin of Species" and introduced the theory of evolution and natural selection.
    • Darwin's theory of evolution explained how populations gradually adapt to their environment becoming fit to survive.

    Freudian Revolution

    • Psychology, once categorized under philosophy, became more defined as a science.
    • Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis revolutionized individuals perception of psychology.
    • Freud's theory of psychoanalysis explained human behavior as being affected by numerous conscious and unconscious factors.
    • Personality was argued to be developed from the interactions of the id,ego and super ego (conflicting elements).

    Science, Technology & Nation-Building

    • Development in science and technology has a crucial role to play.
    • The pre-colonial period witnessed the development and use of plants and herbs for medicinal purposes.
    • Systems of farming and animal-raising were also established.
    • Transportation modes from terrestrial to maritime were developed.
    • The colonial era witnessed advances in construction methods through the introduction of walls, roads and bridges by the Spaniards.
    • The American occupation further modernized various aspects of Philippine life.
    • The Bureau of Science was established and supported further governmental development in science and technology.
    • The post-colonial period saw continued advancements in science and technology with the various agencies supporting the cause.
    • Ferdinand Marcos, a Philippine dictator, played a pivotal role in bolstering science and technology agencies and their importance..

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on natural science and the contributions of the Sumerian civilization. This quiz covers a range of topics including branches of science, technology, and architectural achievements of the Sumerians. See how well you understand these foundational concepts in biology, physical science, and ancient history.

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