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Questions and Answers
What defines natural resources according to the World Bank?
What defines natural resources according to the World Bank?
How does the level of development of a country affect resource utilization?
How does the level of development of a country affect resource utilization?
What factor contributes to the limited development of resource exploitation?
What factor contributes to the limited development of resource exploitation?
How has technology impacted the extraction of natural resources?
How has technology impacted the extraction of natural resources?
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In what way do natural resources contribute to poverty reduction?
In what way do natural resources contribute to poverty reduction?
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What does the projected increase of the global population imply for natural resource demand by 2050?
What does the projected increase of the global population imply for natural resource demand by 2050?
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What is a primary source of income in many developing countries?
What is a primary source of income in many developing countries?
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Which of the following best describes the role of natural resources in creating employment?
Which of the following best describes the role of natural resources in creating employment?
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What is expected to happen to annual global material extraction by 2050?
What is expected to happen to annual global material extraction by 2050?
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What is a consequence of utilizing traditional resource extraction techniques?
What is a consequence of utilizing traditional resource extraction techniques?
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Which of the following demands is expected to increase by 60 percent by 2050?
Which of the following demands is expected to increase by 60 percent by 2050?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable natural resource?
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable natural resource?
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What consequence of resource exploitation is highlighted in relation to environmental sustainability?
What consequence of resource exploitation is highlighted in relation to environmental sustainability?
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What is likely to happen to the demand for water by 2050?
What is likely to happen to the demand for water by 2050?
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Which of the following is one of the economic benefits derived from natural resources?
Which of the following is one of the economic benefits derived from natural resources?
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Why have many ecosystems faced rapid changes and degradation?
Why have many ecosystems faced rapid changes and degradation?
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What is the main consequence of unwise utilization of natural resources?
What is the main consequence of unwise utilization of natural resources?
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Which of the following is NOT a result of environmental degradation?
Which of the following is NOT a result of environmental degradation?
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What is the estimated number of species threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature?
What is the estimated number of species threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature?
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Which method is considered an indigenous knowledge technique used for soil conservation?
Which method is considered an indigenous knowledge technique used for soil conservation?
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What major environmental issue is linked to the removal of forests?
What major environmental issue is linked to the removal of forests?
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Which of the following processes is most likely to be accelerated by deforestation?
Which of the following processes is most likely to be accelerated by deforestation?
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What concept describes the continuous loss of resources due to high consumption rates?
What concept describes the continuous loss of resources due to high consumption rates?
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What is the primary reason for the depletion of water resources in the locality?
What is the primary reason for the depletion of water resources in the locality?
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Which one of the following consequences is directly associated with air pollution?
Which one of the following consequences is directly associated with air pollution?
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What does the term 'conservation' primarily refer to?
What does the term 'conservation' primarily refer to?
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How deep do farmers sometimes dig water wells for irrigation?
How deep do farmers sometimes dig water wells for irrigation?
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What crop do most people in the locality depend on for their livelihood?
What crop do most people in the locality depend on for their livelihood?
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What is a consequence of increased water consumption in the region?
What is a consequence of increased water consumption in the region?
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According to the Brundtland Commission, what does sustainable development aim to achieve?
According to the Brundtland Commission, what does sustainable development aim to achieve?
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What do sustainability and sustainable utilization emphasize?
What do sustainability and sustainable utilization emphasize?
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What is one major outcome of overusing natural resources in the described locality?
What is one major outcome of overusing natural resources in the described locality?
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What is the term used to describe the paradox where countries rich in natural resources experience less economic growth?
What is the term used to describe the paradox where countries rich in natural resources experience less economic growth?
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Which type of resources are more likely to trigger violent conflict due to their potential for revenue generation?
Which type of resources are more likely to trigger violent conflict due to their potential for revenue generation?
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What kind of protests occurred in Pakistan and Bolivia related to natural resources?
What kind of protests occurred in Pakistan and Bolivia related to natural resources?
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Which armed conflict was influenced by disputes over oil fields in Kuwait?
Which armed conflict was influenced by disputes over oil fields in Kuwait?
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What does the reliance on a few sources of revenue often discourage in countries with abundant resources?
What does the reliance on a few sources of revenue often discourage in countries with abundant resources?
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Which rebel group utilized diamond revenues to fund their rebellion in Sierra Leone?
Which rebel group utilized diamond revenues to fund their rebellion in Sierra Leone?
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What major international watercourse covers eleven states, including Ethiopia and Egypt?
What major international watercourse covers eleven states, including Ethiopia and Egypt?
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Which term describes political tensions arising from shared bodies of water between countries?
Which term describes political tensions arising from shared bodies of water between countries?
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Which country contributes the most water to the Nile River?
Which country contributes the most water to the Nile River?
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What are the upper course countries primarily characterized by?
What are the upper course countries primarily characterized by?
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Which of the following statements about lower course countries is true?
Which of the following statements about lower course countries is true?
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What has been a significant source of water and energy for Egypt?
What has been a significant source of water and energy for Egypt?
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Which issue is highlighted as a major area of concern regarding the Nile River?
Which issue is highlighted as a major area of concern regarding the Nile River?
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What is suggested as a solution to improve the standard of living for the peoples of the Nile Basin?
What is suggested as a solution to improve the standard of living for the peoples of the Nile Basin?
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Which of the following countries is classified as an upper course country?
Which of the following countries is classified as an upper course country?
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Which is not a benefit derived by lower course countries from the Nile River?
Which is not a benefit derived by lower course countries from the Nile River?
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Study Notes
Economic Benefits of Natural Resources
- Natural resources (water, air, land, forests, fish, wildlife, soil, minerals) are essential to human needs and wants
- Utilization level depends on development stage; traditional methods used in developing countries
- Natural resources are part of national wealth; they form natural capital, which other forms of capital are based on
- Natural resources generate revenue (timber, minerals, oil, etc.)
- Contribute to industry development, education, health services, and poverty reduction
- Provide employment opportunities; alternative energy sources (wind, solar, biofuels) have created job opportunities.
- Natural capital's components: natural resources (minerals, renewable energy, fossil fuels), built capital (processed raw materials, tools, machinery, factories), human capital (skills, competences), social capital (connections, bonds between people)
- Natural resources are crucial for other forms of capital
Changing Consumption Patterns of Resources
- Resource exploitation for economic growth has caused environmental degradation
- Increased population and economic growth lead to unsustainable resource extraction and depletion
- Growing use of technology is accelerating resource extraction rates
- Global population expected to increase by 2050 and 2100, creating higher demand for resources
- Annual global material extraction projected to double by 2050
Factors Influencing Natural Resource Utilization
- Capital availability
- Technological advancements
- Transport and communication capabilities
- Good governance and lack of corruption
- Availability of raw materials (versus reliance on imports)
- Human skillset
- Water availability
Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Conservation means resource protection from destructive influences and wise use
- Sustainable utilization involves activities that do not deplete resources, maintain good order for future generations, meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations' needs
- Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic minerals, decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms (vital for plants)
Soil Conservation Measures in Ethiopia
- Contour ploughing: ploughing across slopes
- Terracing: creating ledges for cultivation at right angles to slopes
- Strip cultivation: planting alternative strips of different crops to retain water and soil
- Shelter belts and windbreaks: planting trees around farms for wind protection
- Afforestation: planting trees on bare lands
- Reforestation: replanting trees after harvest
- Limiting grazing
- Fallowing: preventing land cultivation for a period
Water Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Water is essential for life and various uses (irrigation, drinking, industry, navigation, energy, fishing)
- Globally, projected annual water demand increase to 6,900 billion cubic meters by 2030
- Population growth, industrial and agricultural intensification cause unsustainable water use
- Conservation measures: sustainable use, recycling, reuse, pollution removal
- Unwise resource utilization causes environmental problems (extinction of plant and animal species, desertification, water depletion, air pollution, and soil degradation)
Forest Conservation
- People use forests for food, medicine, materials, energy, and habitat provision
- Major depletion causes: deforestation, burning, overconsumption
- Conservation solutions: reforestation, afforestation, controlling burning and grazing, agroforestry, using alternative energy, raising awareness.
Wild Animal Conservation
- Wild animals provide food, materials, scientific and educational purposes
- Conservation is important for sustaining ecosystem balance: habitat destruction, poaching, drought as major threats that causes scarcity
Hydropolitics of the Nile River
- The Nile River is a shared resource by multiple countries (upstream countries, mainly Ethiopia, downstream countries, mainly Sudan and Egypt)
- Upstream countries contribute most of the water but downstream countries benefit the most
- Conflicts over water rights and resource allocation have been existing for centuries
- Access to water and land resources is a source of conflict between clans and ethnic groups in Ethiopia
- Indigenous conflict resolutions mechanisms used for managing and resolving disputes (Gadaa among Oromo, Ugaz among Somalia, Afosha)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the role of natural resources in development, their impact on economies, and the challenges of sustainability. This quiz covers topics relevant to resource utilization, poverty reduction, and the implications of technological advancements. Explore how natural resources shape the future as the global population grows.
