Natural Resources and Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What defines natural resources according to the World Bank?

  • Materials that occur in nature useful to humans (correct)
  • Man-made objects of economic value
  • Financial assets of a country
  • Artificial products designed for specific tasks

How does the level of development of a country affect resource utilization?

  • Resource extraction techniques are modern in developing countries.
  • Utilization is unrelated to a country's development status.
  • The utilization greatly depends on the technology available in developed nations. (correct)
  • Developed countries primarily use traditional techniques for resource extraction.

What factor contributes to the limited development of resource exploitation?

  • Abundance of water
  • Corruption and maladministration (correct)
  • High levels of investment
  • Advanced communication systems

How has technology impacted the extraction of natural resources?

<p>Enabled quicker and more efficient extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do natural resources contribute to poverty reduction?

<p>By generating revenue that can be invested in development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the projected increase of the global population imply for natural resource demand by 2050?

<p>Increased pressure on the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source of income in many developing countries?

<p>Natural resources like minerals and timber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of natural resources in creating employment?

<p>They can provide a significant number of jobs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected to happen to annual global material extraction by 2050?

<p>It will double from 2015 levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of utilizing traditional resource extraction techniques?

<p>Limited economic growth in related sectors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demands is expected to increase by 60 percent by 2050?

<p>Demand for food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable natural resource?

<p>Minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence of resource exploitation is highlighted in relation to environmental sustainability?

<p>Depletion and degradation of ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen to the demand for water by 2050?

<p>Increase by 55 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the economic benefits derived from natural resources?

<p>Creation of industries through revenue generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have many ecosystems faced rapid changes and degradation?

<p>Increasing demands for essential resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of unwise utilization of natural resources?

<p>Environmental degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a result of environmental degradation?

<p>Increased labor inputs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of species threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature?

<p>31,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered an indigenous knowledge technique used for soil conservation?

<p>Contour ploughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major environmental issue is linked to the removal of forests?

<p>Habitat damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is most likely to be accelerated by deforestation?

<p>Increase in greenhouse gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the continuous loss of resources due to high consumption rates?

<p>Environmental degradation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the depletion of water resources in the locality?

<p>Overexploitation of sub-surface water for irrigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following consequences is directly associated with air pollution?

<p>Extinction of species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'conservation' primarily refer to?

<p>The protection of resources from destructive influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How deep do farmers sometimes dig water wells for irrigation?

<p>Up to 50 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crop do most people in the locality depend on for their livelihood?

<p>Chat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of increased water consumption in the region?

<p>Depletion of water resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Brundtland Commission, what does sustainable development aim to achieve?

<p>Meeting present needs without compromising future generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sustainability and sustainable utilization emphasize?

<p>Balancing environmental, societal, and economic considerations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major outcome of overusing natural resources in the described locality?

<p>Drying up of rivers and streams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the paradox where countries rich in natural resources experience less economic growth?

<p>Resource curse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resources are more likely to trigger violent conflict due to their potential for revenue generation?

<p>Revenue-producing resources like minerals and oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of protests occurred in Pakistan and Bolivia related to natural resources?

<p>Protests over water distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which armed conflict was influenced by disputes over oil fields in Kuwait?

<p>The First Gulf War (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the reliance on a few sources of revenue often discourage in countries with abundant resources?

<p>Economic diversification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rebel group utilized diamond revenues to fund their rebellion in Sierra Leone?

<p>Revolutionary United Front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major international watercourse covers eleven states, including Ethiopia and Egypt?

<p>Nile River (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes political tensions arising from shared bodies of water between countries?

<p>Hydro politics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country contributes the most water to the Nile River?

<p>Ethiopia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper course countries primarily characterized by?

<p>Major tributaries and high altitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lower course countries is true?

<p>They benefit the most from the Nile's water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant source of water and energy for Egypt?

<p>The Aswan High Dam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue is highlighted as a major area of concern regarding the Nile River?

<p>Water utilization disparities between upper and lower course countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a solution to improve the standard of living for the peoples of the Nile Basin?

<p>Equitable utilization of Nile waters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries is classified as an upper course country?

<p>Tanzania (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a benefit derived by lower course countries from the Nile River?

<p>Increased rainfall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Natural resources?

Materials found in nature that are essential or useful to humans, such as water, air, land, forests, fish, wildlife, soil, and minerals.

Resource utilization

The degree to which natural resources are used depends on a country's level of development. Developing countries often use traditional methods, while developed countries may have more advanced technologies.

Natural Resources as Real Wealth

Natural resources are the foundation for wealth creation. They provide the raw materials for industries and create jobs.

Sources of Revenue

Natural resources, like timber, minerals, and oil, generate income for individuals, businesses, and governments.

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Revenue from Natural Resources - uses

Revenue from natural resources can be used for various development activities, including building factories, investing in education, and improving healthcare.

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Natural resources and job creation

Natural resource industries can be a major source of employment, creating jobs in mining, forestry, fishing, and other related sectors.

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Employment potential

The potential for job creation in natural resource sectors is significant, but it depends on factors like sustainable practices and responsible management.

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Natural Resources and Well-being

Natural resources play a vital role in the wellbeing of humans, providing essential goods and services, supporting economies, and sustaining livelihoods.

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Water Depletion in Rural Areas

Water resources are declining due to overexploitation for irrigation, especially for cash crops like Chat. This is driven by increasing population and the need for frequent harvests.

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Resource Conservation

Protecting resources to prevent damage and ensure their continued availability.

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Sustainable Utilization

Using resources in a way that sustains their availability for current and future generations.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Balanced Development Approach

Focusing on environmental, societal, and economic considerations in development to achieve an improved quality of life.

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Natural Resource Revenue

The use of natural resources is critical for generating income and supporting livelihoods.

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Revenue Uses for Development

Natural resources like timber, minerals, and oil provide financial resources for various development activities.

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Natural Resources and Employment

Natural resources industries create jobs in sectors like mining, forestry, and fishing, contributing significantly to employment.

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Factors Influencing Resource Utilization

Resources like capital, technology, transportation and communication play vital roles in determining how much natural resources are used. For example, advanced technology allows for faster extraction of resources, while a lack of transportation infrastructure limits how much is used.

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How Consumption Changes Over Time

The rate at which humans use natural resources is connected to economic growth and population size.

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Resource Exploitation and Environmental Degradation

Using up natural resources too quickly can lead to damage to the environment.

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Population Growth and Resource Demand

As the world's population expands, the demand for resources also increases.

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Human Impact on Ecosystems

Our current activities are changing ecosystems quickly, often due to the growing need for food, water, timber, and other resources.

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Ecosystem Services Depletion and Degradation

The overuse of natural resources has resulted in the depletion and degradation of many important ecosystem services, putting more stress on the environment.

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Increased Risk of Environmental Change

Rapidly changing our environment can lead to sudden and unexpected changes that affect living things.

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Environmental Issues and Poverty

Environmental issues can be connected to poverty, creating a difficult cycle to break.

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Resource Curse

A situation where countries or regions, often with limited resources or government control, experience more negative impacts from their natural resources than positive ones.

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Over-dependence on Natural Resources

The tendency for a country to rely too heavily on one or a few natural resources, leading to potential economic problems.

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Revenue-Producing Resources

Exploitation of natural resources, such as timber, minerals, and oil, to generate revenue.

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Hydropolitics

Political conflicts or tensions that arise over the control and use of water resources, especially in areas shared by multiple countries.

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Water Scarcity

Potential for conflict due to limited access to water resources.

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Water Distribution Conflicts

Disputes over the distribution of water resources, which can contribute to social unrest and violence.

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The Nile River

The Nile River Basin, home to eleven countries, is a major example of an international watercourse with complex hydropolitics.

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The Abay River

The Abay River, shared by multiple countries, demonstrates the potential for disputes over water resources.

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Sustainable resource utilization

The practice of using natural resources in a way that does not harm the environment or future generations. It aims to balance human needs with ecological sustainability.

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Unsustainable resource utilization

The process of using natural resources faster than they can be replenished, leading to a decline in their availability. This harms ecosystems and future generations.

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Loss of Biodiversity

The loss of biodiversity refers to the decline in the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It often results from habitat destruction and climate change.

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Desertification

The degradation of fertile land into barren desert-like conditions, often caused by overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change.

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Water depletion

The depletion of water resources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers, often caused by excessive usage and drought.

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Air pollution

The release of harmful substances into the air, such as smoke, gases, and pollutants, often caused by burning fossil fuels and industrial processes.

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Soil Degradation

The deterioration of soil quality, reducing its ability to support plant growth. This can happen due to erosion, compaction, and nutrient depletion.

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Global Warming

The process of greenhouse gases, like methane and carbon dioxide, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a rise in global temperatures.

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Upper Course Countries

Countries in the Nile River basin that are located at higher altitudes and contribute water to the river. They are home to the major tributaries of the Nile.

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Lower Course Countries

Countries in the Nile River basin located at lower altitudes, where the river flows gently over vast plains. They receive the water from the upper course countries.

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Hydro-Politics of the Nile

The political and social issues surrounding the use and control of the Nile River's water resources.

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Nile Riparian States

The countries that depend on the Nile River for their water resources. They work together to manage and share the river's benefits.

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Equitable Utilization of the Nile

The process of using the Nile River's resources in a way that ensures long-term sustainability and benefits all countries involved.

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Peace and Cooperation in the Nile Basin

The concept of promoting peace, stability, and cooperation among the Nile riparian states through a shared understanding and management of the river's resources.

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Unbalanced Utilization of the Nile

The Nile River's resources have been historically utilized in an unequal manner, with lower course countries benefiting more than upper course countries.

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Tension and Conflict over the Nile

The potential for increased tension and conflict between Nile riparian states due to unfair or unsustainable use of the river's resources.

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Study Notes

Economic Benefits of Natural Resources

  • Natural resources (water, air, land, forests, fish, wildlife, soil, minerals) are essential to human needs and wants
  • Utilization level depends on development stage; traditional methods used in developing countries
  • Natural resources are part of national wealth; they form natural capital, which other forms of capital are based on
  • Natural resources generate revenue (timber, minerals, oil, etc.)
  • Contribute to industry development, education, health services, and poverty reduction
  • Provide employment opportunities; alternative energy sources (wind, solar, biofuels) have created job opportunities.
  • Natural capital's components: natural resources (minerals, renewable energy, fossil fuels), built capital (processed raw materials, tools, machinery, factories), human capital (skills, competences), social capital (connections, bonds between people)
  • Natural resources are crucial for other forms of capital

Changing Consumption Patterns of Resources

  • Resource exploitation for economic growth has caused environmental degradation
  • Increased population and economic growth lead to unsustainable resource extraction and depletion
  • Growing use of technology is accelerating resource extraction rates
  • Global population expected to increase by 2050 and 2100, creating higher demand for resources
  • Annual global material extraction projected to double by 2050

Factors Influencing Natural Resource Utilization

  • Capital availability
  • Technological advancements
  • Transport and communication capabilities
  • Good governance and lack of corruption
  • Availability of raw materials (versus reliance on imports)
  • Human skillset
  • Water availability

Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization

  • Conservation means resource protection from destructive influences and wise use
  • Sustainable utilization involves activities that do not deplete resources, maintain good order for future generations, meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations' needs
  • Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic minerals, decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms (vital for plants)

Soil Conservation Measures in Ethiopia

  • Contour ploughing: ploughing across slopes
  • Terracing: creating ledges for cultivation at right angles to slopes
  • Strip cultivation: planting alternative strips of different crops to retain water and soil
  • Shelter belts and windbreaks: planting trees around farms for wind protection
  • Afforestation: planting trees on bare lands
  • Reforestation: replanting trees after harvest
  • Limiting grazing
  • Fallowing: preventing land cultivation for a period

Water Conservation and Sustainable Utilization

  • Water is essential for life and various uses (irrigation, drinking, industry, navigation, energy, fishing)
  • Globally, projected annual water demand increase to 6,900 billion cubic meters by 2030
  • Population growth, industrial and agricultural intensification cause unsustainable water use
  • Conservation measures: sustainable use, recycling, reuse, pollution removal
  • Unwise resource utilization causes environmental problems (extinction of plant and animal species, desertification, water depletion, air pollution, and soil degradation)

Forest Conservation

  • People use forests for food, medicine, materials, energy, and habitat provision
  • Major depletion causes: deforestation, burning, overconsumption
  • Conservation solutions: reforestation, afforestation, controlling burning and grazing, agroforestry, using alternative energy, raising awareness.

Wild Animal Conservation

  • Wild animals provide food, materials, scientific and educational purposes
  • Conservation is important for sustaining ecosystem balance: habitat destruction, poaching, drought as major threats that causes scarcity

Hydropolitics of the Nile River

  • The Nile River is a shared resource by multiple countries (upstream countries, mainly Ethiopia, downstream countries, mainly Sudan and Egypt)
  • Upstream countries contribute most of the water but downstream countries benefit the most
  • Conflicts over water rights and resource allocation have been existing for centuries
  • Access to water and land resources is a source of conflict between clans and ethnic groups in Ethiopia
  • Indigenous conflict resolutions mechanisms used for managing and resolving disputes (Gadaa among Oromo, Ugaz among Somalia, Afosha)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the role of natural resources in development, their impact on economies, and the challenges of sustainability. This quiz covers topics relevant to resource utilization, poverty reduction, and the implications of technological advancements. Explore how natural resources shape the future as the global population grows.

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