Natural Resins and Their Uses
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Questions and Answers

Which constituent is present in α-pinene?

  • 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbon
  • Diterpenes
  • Anthraquinone glycosides
  • 33% β-pinene (correct)

What is one of the uses of Copaiba?

  • Treatment for skin rashes
  • Antiseptic for urinary infections (correct)
  • Pain relief for migraines
  • Antibacterial agent for respiratory diseases

Which of the following is a use of the resin from Podophyllum?

  • Pain relief for arthritis
  • Antioxidant effects
  • Enhancement of wound healing (correct)
  • Treatment for high blood pressure

Which is a major constituent of Aloe?

<p>Anthraquinone glycosides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic effect is associated with Copaiba's constituents?

<p>Anti-inflammatory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is Aloe commonly used to treat?

<p>Gingivitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Podophyllum is primarily used as a...

<p>Purgative agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a characteristic of Copaiba?

<p>Is derived from a fruit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main uses for the volatile oil component found in α-pinene?

<p>Furniture polishes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is directly treated using Copaiba?

<p>Infection control in the bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of colophony (rosin)?

<p>Abietic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer treatments are associated with Etoposide?

<p>Neuroblastoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of colophony?

<p>General anesthetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of podophyllotoxins is found in the Indian variety?

<p>Up to 40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which family does myrrh originate?

<p>Burseraceae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Turpentine oil primarily obtained from?

<p>Oleoresin of Pinus species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a use of podophyllin?

<p>Treatment of warts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT associated with colophony?

<p>Resin from Commiphora (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of β-peltatin in the American variety of podophyllotoxins?

<p>Contains 5% of it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which balm is derived from a resinous material?

<p>Colophony (A), Myrrh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of opium?

<p>Unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkaloid found in opium is known for its potent analgesic properties?

<p>Morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health benefit is attributed to the consumption of opioids?

<p>Improves skin, hair, and nails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkaloid is recognized for having a lower addiction potential compared to morphine?

<p>Codeine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gelatin mentioned in the applications of opium?

<p>Serves as a coating for capsules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the latex obtained from the opium poppy?

<p>It darkens from white to brown upon standing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a potential use of morphine?

<p>Treating severe pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of opium consists of mineral salts?

<p>1-2% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does thebaine have on the central nervous system?

<p>Producing convulsions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is opium latex collected?

<p>By incising the unripe capsules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pinaceae

A type of plant family that includes pine trees and other coniferous species.

Colophony

A type of resin obtained from pine trees (Pinus species).

Distillation

The process of separating volatile oils from a substance, often done by heating.

Abietic acid

A major component of colophony, making up about 84% of its composition. It's a sticky substance used in various applications.

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Oleoresin

A substance that has both oil and resin components, commonly extracted from trees.

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Etoposide

A medication derived from colophony and used in the treatment of various cancers, including lymphomas and leukemias.

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Teniposide

A type of medication derived from colophony, often used in treating pediatric cancers, including neuroblastoma and brain tumors.

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Podophyllotoxin

A type of medication derived from colophony, often used for warts.

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Myrrh

A type of fragrant resin obtained from various Commiphora species of trees.

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Burseraceae

A type of plant family that includes trees like frankincense and myrrh, known for their fragrant resins.

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Copaiba Oil

A volatile oil extracted from the trunk of various Copaifera species, known for its antiseptic, insecticide, and solvent properties.

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Copaiba Resin

A type of resin obtained from the trunks of various Copaifera species. It is widely used in traditional medicine for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and other properties.

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Myrrh gum

A natural gum obtained from the trunks of various Acacia species, commonly used as a traditional medicine for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties.

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Aloe Vera

The extract of the Aloe Vera plant, known for its various properties, ranging from wound healing to anti-inflammatory and moisturizing.

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Barbaloin

A compound found in Aloe Vera, known for its laxative and wound-healing properties.

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Opium

A dried latex obtained from the unripe seed capsules of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). It is used in traditional medicine and is the source of various potent opioids.

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Morphine

A potent compound found in opium, known for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is used in medicine to treat pain and manage respiratory distress.

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Pine oil

A volatile oil produced by the pine tree, containing two major components, α-pinene and β-pinene. It is used in various applications, including medicinal properties, perfumes, and household products.

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Podophyllum

A medicinal plant from the Berberidaceae family, known for its cytotoxic properties. It is used in traditional medicine to treat warts and other skin conditions.

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Opium Latex

A milky substance found in the unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant, containing a mixture of alkaloids, proteins, sugars, and other chemicals.

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Alkaloids

A class of organic compounds found naturally in plants, known for their pharmacological effects.

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Incision

The act of cutting the unripe poppy capsule to allow the latex to flow out and be collected.

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Darkening

The process of turning opium latex from white to brown over time.

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Codeine

A weaker analgesic than morphine, often used to suppress coughs.

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Thebaine

A stimulant alkaloid found in opium, not used for pain relief but for its potential to trigger convulsions.

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Gelatin

A protein extracted from animal collagenous tissues, used in food, capsules, and pharmaceuticals.

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Excipient

A substance that binds ingredients together, used in pharmaceutical capsules and other products.

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Gelling Agent

A type of sugar used for making jellies and candies.

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Study Notes

Colophony (Rosin)

  • Family: Pinaceae
  • Constituents: 1.84% resin (abietic acid)
  • Origin: Dried residue after distilling volatile oil from Pinus species (e.g., palustris, toeda)
  • Uses: Ingredient in ointments, varnishes, adhesives, printing inks, incense, perfumes. Mild antiseptic action, insecticide, solvent for waxes, furniture polishes, and synthetic camphor production.

Myrrh

  • Family: Burseraceae
  • Origin: Oleogum-resin from Commiphora species.
  • Constituents: Volatile oil (7-17%), gum (57-61%), resin (25-40%).
  • Uses: Soreness, swelling, gingivitis, loose teeth, bad breath, chapped lips. Used topically for hemorrhoids, bedsores, wounds, and boils. Also, for sciatica, cold/flu prevention, neuropathy, and treatment for parasites like Schistosoma and fasciola.

Copaiba

  • Family: Fabaceae
  • Origin: Oleoresin obtained by incision from Copaifera species trunks.
  • Constituents: 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., α-Copaene, β-caryophyllene). Diterpenes are also present
  • Uses: Urinary antiseptic, inflammation of the bladder, sore throats.

Podophyllum

  • Family: Berberidaceae.
  • Origin: Podophyllum hexandrum (Indian) and Podophyllum peltatum (American).
  • Uses: Cytotoxic agent, preventing wart tissue growth.

Aloe (dried juices)

  • Family: Liliaceae
  • Origin: Liquid that drains from transversely cut leaves of Aloe species.
  • Constituents: Anthraquinone glycosides (e.g., barbaloin)
  • Uses: Purgative, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects. Also used as a treatment for asthma, hair loss, and as a cancer chemotherapy agent. Most common type is Aloe Vera.

Papaver Capsule-opium (latex)

  • Source: From unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (poppy).
  • Collection: Latex (milky emulsion) is collected by incision in the early morning.
  • Constituents: Over 40 alkaloids, including papaverine, narceine, narcotine, morphine, codeine (methylmorphine), and thebaine (dimethylmorphine).
  • Therapeutic Uses: Analgesic for severe pain (e.g., post-operative, bone fractures, burns, cancer pain, angina); codeine is an effective cough suppressant with lower addiction potential; thebaine is a CNS stimulant; heroin is a highly potent derivative of morphine.
  • Side Effects: Tolerance, physical dependence, addiction; withdrawal symptoms include insomnia, pain, tremors, and severe discomfort.
  • Agar: a gelatinous substance derived from red seaweed. Components: agarose and agaropectin. Uses in Biology: growing microorganisms, Food Industry: as a thickener, stabilizer, and texture enhancer; Health: laxative effect.
  • Gelatin: Obtained from boiling animal tissues (collagenous ligaments, tendons, skin). Uses in Pharmaceuticals and Food.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of natural resins like Colophony, Myrrh, and Copaiba. Dive into their origins, chemical constituents, and various applications in medicines and products. This quiz will test your knowledge on these important botanical materials.

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