Natural Phenomena: Lightning and Earthquakes
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the transfer of charge from a charged object to the earth?

  • Electrical conduction
  • Lightning discharge
  • Static electricity
  • Earthing (correct)

    • Which phenomenon is the result of electric discharge between clouds or between clouds and the earth?

  • Tsunami
  • Thunderstorm
  • Earthquake
  • Lightning (correct)

    • What is measured on the Richter scale?

  • Temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Wind speed
  • Earthquake energy (correct)

    • Where do earthquakes typically occur?

    <p>At the boundaries of earth's plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lightning conductors is true?

    <p>They protect buildings from lightning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process cannot easily charge a copper rod?

    <p>Earthing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth?

    <p>The rod becomes positively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to predict the occurrence of an earthquake?

    <p>They are random events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

    <p>Disturbances deep inside the earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following natural disasters can be triggered by an earthquake?

    <p>Floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major natural event occurred on 26 December 2004 impacting India's coastal areas?

    <p>A tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do earthquakes most commonly originate?

    <p>In the uppermost layer of the earth called the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of the Bhuj earthquake that occurred on 26 January 2001?

    <p>Immense damage to life and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is associated with causing earthquakes?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of damage can earthquakes cause to structures?

    <p>Destruction of buildings, bridges, and dams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if you are at home during an earthquake?

    <p>Take shelter under a table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should cupboards and shelves be fixed to the walls in earthquake-prone areas?

    <p>To stop them from falling over easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical region is likely to report significant earthquake and tsunami risks?

    <p>Coastal areas around tectonic plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid when outdoors during an earthquake?

    <p>Standing close to large trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you are in a vehicle during an earthquake, what should you do?

    <p>Stay inside until the tremors stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended advice regarding the weight of roofs in earthquake-prone buildings?

    <p>Make roofs as light as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of charges can objects acquire through rubbing?

    <p>Static charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when like charges interact?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used to detect whether a body is charged?

    <p>Electroscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about charges is true?

    <p>Opposite charges repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a charged glass rod interact with a charged plastic straw?

    <p>They attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of a lightning conductor?

    <p>It cannot protect a building from lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale is used to measure the destructive energy of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a charged body when touched with the hand?

    <p>It becomes neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about a charged balloon compared to an uncharged balloon?

    <p>Charged balloons attract uncharged balloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should you take during an earthquake if you are outside?

    <p>Move to an open area away from structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if you carry an umbrella during a predicted thunderstorm?

    <p>It can attract lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the misconception about lightning in ancient times?

    <p>It was seen as the wrath of the gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist demonstrated the similarity between sparks from clothes and lightning?

    <p>Benjamin Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lightning to occur?

    <p>The accumulation of electric charges in clouds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should people do to protect themselves from lightning?

    <p>Avoid using electrical appliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when woollen or polyester clothes are removed?

    <p>They create a static charge that attracts hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did it take for the realization of the similarity between sparks and lightning to occur?

    <p>2000 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of natural phenomena are mainly discussed in the chapter?

    <p>Lightning and earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason people were afraid of lightning in ancient times?

    <p>They misunderstood its scientific nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase of 2 in magnitude on the Richter scale represent in terms of destructive energy?

    <p>1000 times more destructive energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key recommendation for buildings in seismic zones to ensure safety during earthquakes?

    <p>They should be designed to withstand major tremors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the nature of the Richter scale?

    <p>It is a logarithmic scale indicating exponential energy increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized when building structures in areas prone to earthquakes?

    <p>Simplicity in design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for buildings in seismic zones to be prepared for earthquakes?

    <p>Earthquakes can cause significant destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization has developed know-how to make quake-resistant houses?

    <p>Central Building Research Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does not contribute to making a building earthquake-resistant?

    <p>Ensuring heavy ornamentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can people living in seismic zones protect themselves from earthquakes?

    <p>Being specially prepared with proper structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Natural Phenomena: Lightning and Earthquakes

    • Lightning is a destructive natural phenomenon caused by the accumulation of charges in clouds.
    • In ancient times, people were afraid of lightning, believing it was a wrath of the gods.
    • Modern understanding attributes lightning to the accumulation of charges in clouds.
    • Lightning is an electric spark on a large scale.
    • Sparks occur when wires become loose or plugs are loose in sockets.
    • Benjamin Franklin showed that lightning and sparks are the same phenomenon.
    • It took 2000 years for this realization to occur.
    • Scientific discoveries are the result of hard work of many people.
    • Earthquakes are sudden shaking or trembling of the earth.
    • Earthquakes can cause large-scale destruction to human life and property.
    • Scientists are trying to improve the understanding of earthquakes.
    • It is difficult to predict earthquakes accurately.
    • Major earthquakes in India include those in Uri and Tangdhar (2005) and Bhuj (2001).
    • Earthquakes can cause floods, landslides, and tsunamis.
    • A major tsunami occurred in 2004 in the Indian Ocean.
    • Scientists study seismic waves to understand earthquakes.

    Charging by Rubbing

    • Objects can be charged by rubbing; for example, rubbing a plastic refill with polythene.
    • Rubbing creates a small electric charge, which attracts small pieces of paper.
    • Similarly, rubbing a plastic comb with dry hair creates a small electric charge.
    • The objects used for rubbing also become charged.
    • Different materials can be rubbed together to create charged objects.
    • Charged objects of the same material repel each other.
    • Charged objects of different materials attract each other.
    • This observation indicates there are two types of charges.

    Types of Charges and Their Interaction

    • Charging an object by rubbing creates a charge that attracts, or repels, another charged object.
    • The charge acquired by a glass rod while rubbed with silk is positive.
    • The charge on a plastic straw rubbed with polythene is called negative.
    • Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract.

    Lightning Safety

    • During lightning and thunderstorms, open areas are unsafe.
    • Hearing thunder signals the need to seek shelter immediately.
    • It is safe to be inside a building or a vehicle.
    • Lightning can be very destructive to property and life.
    • Special precautions should be taken to avoid danger.
    • Modern building technology can help make buildings more quake resistant.

    Lightning Conductors

    • Lightning conductors are used to protect buildings from lightning.
    • A metallic rod, taller than the building, is installed in the walls during construction.
    • One end of such rod is kept out in the air and the other deep inside the ground.
    • The rod (conductor) will facilitate easy transfer of electrical charge to the ground.

    Earthquakes

    • Earthquakes are sudden, shaking tremors of the earth's crust.
    • Earthquakes can cause major destruction.
    • Scientists use seismographs to record seismic waves produced during earthquakes.
    • Earthquake magnitude can be measured on the Richter scale.
    • Earthquakes occur at the boundaries of plates in the earth.
    • There are specific zones in the world which are prone to earthquakes.

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    Chapter 12 Some Natural Phenomena - PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of natural phenomena focusing on lightning and earthquakes. Understand how lightning is caused and the historical beliefs surrounding it, as well as the destructive nature of earthquakes and current scientific efforts to predict them. Test your knowledge on these powerful forces of nature.

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