29 Questions
How do HIV particles in the blood affect the efficiency of NK cell activities?
Alter the expression of molecules on NK cell surfaces
What is the role of perforins released by NK cells in response to viral infection?
Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells
What triggers the specific immune response in adaptive immunity against viral infections?
Epitopes binding to specific receptors on lymphocytes
Where do B lymphocytes develop?
Bone marrow
What is the main function of antibodies synthesized by plasma cells during a viral infection?
Coating both virions and virus-infected cells
How does the epitope-lymphocyte receptor interaction lead to an immune response?
By inducing a cascade that activates lymphocytes
What are the 3 basic biochemical processes involved in virus genome replication?
Replication, Transcription, Translation
Where does genome replication occur in DNA viruses?
Nucleus
What type of genes are transcribed before DNA replication begins in DNA viruses?
Early genes
Which of the following is a function of early proteins in DNA virus replication?
Related to genome replication
Why do some viruses with smaller genomes depend more on the host cell for replication?
Fewer gene products produced
What distinguishes the late genes from the early genes in DNA viruses?
Transcription timing
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes cytotoxic T cells?
Presence of CD8 molecules
How do cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?
By inducing apoptosis
What is one of the outcomes of viral infection related to immunological memory?
Formation of memory cells
How can immunological memory impact the signs and symptoms of a viral disease?
Cause the complete absence of symptoms
What is the consequence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in virus-infected cells?
Halts the infection's spread to other cells
What factor can influence the severity of disease caused by pathogenic viruses?
Virulence of the virus strain
What is the product of transcription in the context of viral replication?
Late mRNA
Which type of RNA viruses replicate via a complementary (+) strand intermediate?
Viruses with ssRNA genome of (+) polarity
What is the main function of late proteins in viral replication?
Ensure viral genome replication
How do RNA viruses with a single-stranded genome of (+) polarity replicate?
Via a complementary (+) strand intermediate
What is the role of RNA dependent RNA polymerase in RNA virus replication?
Replicating the viral RNA genome
Which type of influenza is considered more virulent in humans based on the text?
H5N1
What might result from a larger dose of the virus according to the text?
Shorter incubation period
Which statement is true regarding latent viral infections based on the text?
Can be reactivated under certain conditions
What is a characteristic of abortive viral infections according to the text?
Host damage occurs but no progeny virus are produced
Which factor can reactivate a latent viral infection per the text?
A second virus infects the host cell
What characterizes productive viral infections according to the text?
Host cell functions normally during viral replication
Learn about how natural killer (NK) cells respond to viral infections, including releasing perforins, inducing apoptosis, and releasing γ-interferon. Explore viral countermeasures against NK cells, such as altering the expression of molecules to reduce NK cell efficiency.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
