Natural Killer Cells Response to Viral Infection

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How do HIV particles in the blood affect the efficiency of NK cell activities?

Increase their ability to kill virus-infected cells

Enhance the secretion of γ-interferon

Alter the expression of molecules on NK cell surfaces (correct)

Activate T lymphocytes

What is the role of perforins released by NK cells in response to viral infection?

Activating B lymphocytes

Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells (correct)

Coating virions with antibodies

Enhancing the ability to secrete γ-interferon

What triggers the specific immune response in adaptive immunity against viral infections?

Epitopes binding to specific receptors on lymphocytes (correct)

Cytokines released by infected cells

The presence of perforins in the blood

Antibodies coating virions

Where do B lymphocytes develop?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibodies synthesized by plasma cells during a viral infection?

Coating both virions and virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

How does the epitope-lymphocyte receptor interaction lead to an immune response?

By inducing a cascade that activates lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 basic biochemical processes involved in virus genome replication?

Replication, Transcription, Translation Signup and view all the answers

Where does genome replication occur in DNA viruses?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are transcribed before DNA replication begins in DNA viruses?

Early genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of early proteins in DNA virus replication?

Related to genome replication Signup and view all the answers

Why do some viruses with smaller genomes depend more on the host cell for replication?

Fewer gene products produced Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the late genes from the early genes in DNA viruses?

Transcription timing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes cytotoxic T cells?

Presence of CD8 molecules Signup and view all the answers

How do cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?

By inducing apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the outcomes of viral infection related to immunological memory?

Formation of memory cells Signup and view all the answers

How can immunological memory impact the signs and symptoms of a viral disease?

Cause the complete absence of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in virus-infected cells?

Halts the infection's spread to other cells Signup and view all the answers

What factor can influence the severity of disease caused by pathogenic viruses?

Virulence of the virus strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of transcription in the context of viral replication?

Late mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA viruses replicate via a complementary (+) strand intermediate?

Viruses with ssRNA genome of (+) polarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of late proteins in viral replication?

Ensure viral genome replication Signup and view all the answers

How do RNA viruses with a single-stranded genome of (+) polarity replicate?

Via a complementary (+) strand intermediate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA dependent RNA polymerase in RNA virus replication?

Replicating the viral RNA genome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza is considered more virulent in humans based on the text?

H5N1 Signup and view all the answers

What might result from a larger dose of the virus according to the text?

Shorter incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding latent viral infections based on the text?

Can be reactivated under certain conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of abortive viral infections according to the text?

Host damage occurs but no progeny virus are produced Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can reactivate a latent viral infection per the text?

A second virus infects the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes productive viral infections according to the text?

Host cell functions normally during viral replication Signup and view all the answers