Natural Hazards and Disasters - Introduction Part 1
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What is one primary reason for studying natural hazards?

  • They can usually be controlled.
  • They have little to no impact on people.
  • They are easily predictable.
  • They cause huge economic losses. (correct)

    • Which event is described as one of the worst disasters ever in Kerala?

  • The Kerala Landslides (correct)
  • The Noto Earthquake
  • Super Typhoon Yagi
  • Hurricane Helene

    • What magnitude was the earthquake that hit the northernmost peninsula of Noto on January 1?

  • 7.5
  • 8.0
  • 7.7 (correct)
  • 6.5

    • What were the economic damages caused by Hurricane Helene at a minimum?

    <p>$22 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the severity of Hurricane Helene?

    <p>High sea surface temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the January 1 earthquake in Noto, Japan?

    <p>Over 1,300 injuries occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the course intend to provide analyses of natural hazards?

    <p>By including professional scientists' analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural disaster resulted in the death toll of 504 people mentioned in the content?

    <p>Noto Earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category was Hurricane Milton when it was at its peak intensity?

    <p>Category 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region did Super Typhoon Yagi primarily impact?

    <p>Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Colombia's electricity was generated from fossil fuels during the drought?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people were reported dead due to Super Typhoon Yagi's impact?

    <p>844</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unexpected event did Hurricane Milton trigger along with high winds and heavy rain?

    <p>Tornadoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural disaster had the highest death toll associated with it in the content provided?

    <p>Super Typhoon Yagi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental phenomenon contributed to worsening fire conditions in Chile?

    <p>El Niño</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total damage caused by Super Typhoon Yagi?

    <p>$16.9 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the death toll from the floods in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil?

    <p>180</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year saw Canadian Disaster Financial Assistance arrangements spend the most?

    <p>2017-18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested improvement for flood coverage in home insurance in Canada?

    <p>Require flood coverage in all home insurance policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the economic impacts of natural disasters in Canada mentioned?

    <p>The annual cost related to climate-forced incidents has doubled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major disaster caused an insured loss of $4 billion in Canada?

    <p>Fort McMurray wildfires (2016)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one problem identified with the current DFAA system?

    <p>It lacks coordination with Provinces and Territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of equity issue arises from disaster compensation in Canada?

    <p>Horizontal equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did severe weather cost in insured damages in 2019-2020?

    <p>$1.3 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricanes with their respective details:

    <p>Hurricane Helene = Hit Florida, Cuba, Mexico, high humidity Hurricane Milton = Category 3, 32 deaths in US, struck west coast of Florida Super Typhoon Yagi = Powerful storm, hit SE Asia, 844 deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the natural disasters with their consequences:

    <p>Hurricane Milton = Triggered tornadoes, hail, and high winds Super Typhoon Yagi = Caused landslides in the Philippines Hurricane Helene = Prolonged high winds due to slow movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disasters with their operational challenges:

    <p>Hurricane Helene = High sea surface temperatures contributed to severity Super Typhoon Yagi = Increased risk of landslides due to heavy rain Hurricane Milton = Significant damage despite lower category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricane with its timestamp of occurrence:

    <p>Hurricane Helene = September 26 Hurricane Milton = Initially Category 5 Super Typhoon Yagi = August 31 - September 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with their specific geographic impacts:

    <p>Hurricane Helene = High humidity affected storm severity Super Typhoon Yagi = Affected Hong Kong and Vietnam Hurricane Milton = West coast of Florida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricanes with their respective categories and impact:

    <p>Hurricane Helene = Category 5 Hurricane Milton = Category 3 Hurricane impact after Helene = Significant damage due to pre-existing conditions Hurricane with $22 billion damage = Hurricane Helene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricane date with their notable events:

    <p>October 5-13 = Hurricane Milton occurred October 9 = Maximum strength of Hurricane Milton reached Post-Hurricane Helene = The aftermath hampered response to Hurricane Milton Date of Hurricane Helene = Two weeks before Hurricane Milton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the damage estimates with their context:

    <p>$22 billion = Estimated damage from Hurricane Helene Older dollars = Needs conversion to modern equivalents Second hurricane post-Hurricane Helene = Caused more damage despite being weaker Damage from storms = Depends on pre-existing structural conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricane characteristics with their explanations:

    <p>Category change from 5 to 3 = Did not decrease threat level significantly High winds and rain = Still present despite lower category Risk adversity = Can lead to decisions that increase danger Good Samaritan actions = May inadvertently increase personal risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hurricane categories with their associated implications:

    <p>Category 6 = Potential future classification due to increasing hurricane strength Category 5 = Previous top rating before reevaluation Category 4 = Previously strong but considered less intense now Category 3 = Can cause significant damage despite lower winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its relevant concept in natural disaster context:

    <p>Risk adversity = Decision-making under threat Damage estimates = Historical context is crucial Hurricane intensity = Not solely determined by category level Post-disaster recovery = Compounded by existing damage from previous events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of natural disaster with the corresponding example or impact discussed:

    <p>Wildfires = $4 billion in damages in Fort Knox Ice Storm = $2.3 million in damages in 1998 Hurricane Fiona = $660 million in claims Floods = $1.3 billion in severe weather costs (2019-2020)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the year with the corresponding financial aid amounts for disaster assistance in Canada:

    <p>2016-2017 = $486 million 2017-2018 = $495 million 2018-2019 = $310 million 2019-2020 = $1.3 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the natural disaster to the region primarily affected:

    <p>Red River Flooding = Winnipeg Tsunami from Japan = British Columbia Hurricane Fiona = Newfoundland Ice Storm = Northeastern North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the description with the associated issue in disaster insurance coverage:

    <p>Act of God = Flooding claims not covered Sewer backup = Covered due to negligence DFAA = Federal disaster financial assistance Insurance values = Do not reflect actual damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the financial estimates with their implications for natural disaster costs:

    <p>$4 billion = Total cost of wildfires in Fort Knox 50% = Estimated coverage of actual damages by insurance $660 million = Claims from Hurricane Fiona Double or quadruple = Suggested adjustment for real damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following natural hazards with their unique characteristics:

    <p>Hurricane = Can spin off tornadoes Tornado = Has a very narrow geographic extent Super Typhoon = Most powerful storm in Southeast Asia Flood = Can trigger landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their respective impacts:

    <p>Hurricane Milton = Caused relatively few fatalities compared to power Super Typhoon Yagi = Resulted in over 800 fatalities Hailstorm = Associated with high winds and significant rain Global warming = Linked to both droughts and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features with their descriptions:

    <p>Strong winds = Often associated with hurricanes and tornadoes Tornado path = Can unpredictably change direction Hurricane chasers = Professionals who study severe weather conditions Boat in parking lot = Not typical of damage expected from high winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions with the natural hazards they experienced:

    <p>Philippines = Impacted by Super Typhoon Yagi Hong Kong = Affected by high intensity storms Vietnam = Severely hit by landslides caused by typhoons Mexico = Suffered fatalities from Hurricane Milton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Super volcano = A volcano that cannot be easily measured on standard scales Category 5 hurricane = Represents the highest level of hurricane intensity currently categorized Hurricane strength measurement = Often prone to equipment destruction due to intense conditions Atmospheric moisture = Increased with global warming allowing hot air to hold more water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statistics with their associated events:

    <p>844 fatalities = Super Typhoon Yagi 32 fatalities = Hurricane Milton in the US $17 billion = Damage from Super Typhoon Yagi 2300 injuries = Caused by Super Typhoon Yagi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following observations with their explanations:

    <p>Random destruction in tornadoes = Destruction can affect only a few houses in a neighborhood Storm chasing danger = Requires significant expertise and training Hail during hurricanes = Indicates severe weather conditions intensifying Survivor reactions = Often includes personal questioning of outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following natural processes with their effects:

    <p>Evaporation = Leads to increased atmospheric moisture Landslides = Triggered by heavy rain or storms Strong winds = Can transport boats and debris to unintended locations Tornado formation = Can result from the dynamics of surrounding weather systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following natural disasters with their respective locations:

    <p>Wildfires = Chile Flooding = Brazil Urban fire = Los Angeles Icebergs and sea ice = Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following natural phenomena with their descriptions:

    <p>El Nino = Warming cycle affecting weather patterns La Nina = Cooling cycle affecting weather patterns Floods = Excessive rainfall causing displacement Wildfires = Fire event in forested or urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects with the corresponding natural disaster:

    <p>Wildfires in Chile = More than 130 deaths Flooding in Brazil = 500,000 people displaced Wildfire in Jasper = A third of the town burned Urban fires in Los Angeles = Structures barely recognizable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statistics with their context:

    <p>77,000 = People provided shelter after floods in Brazil 130 = Death toll from Chile wildfires 500,000 = People displaced in Brazil due to flooding 1970 = Year Canadian federal disaster programs started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their relevant issues:

    <p>Natural hazards = Diverse range in Canada Federal government response = Needs revision Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA) = Existing since 1970 Cascading effects = One incident triggering other events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental impacts to their causes:

    <p>Extreme winter conditions = El Nino or La Nina Record flooding = Heavy rains in Brazil Destruction of homes = Wildfires in Chile Urban fire challenges = Fire spread from wilderness to cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions with their related natural hazards:

    <p>Chile = Wildfires Brazil = Flooding Jasper = Wildfire approaching the city Western Canada = Weather affected by ocean cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with the related disasters:

    <p>Heavy rains causing destruction = Floods in Brazil Fire approaching urban areas = Jasper wildfires Destruction leading to recognizable remains = Los Angeles urban fires National disaster assistance program = Canada's DFAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their consequences:

    <p>Wildfires in Chile = Many lives lost Flooding in Brazil = Mass displacement El Nino's impact = Extreme weather conditions Cascading effects of incidents = Sequence of triggered events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following challenges with their implications:

    <p>Fighting urban fires = Different tactics than wildfires Providing shelters for displaced = Resource limitations Assessing disaster damage = Difficulty in measuring numbers Responding to natural hazards = Need for effective planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following causes of extreme weather with their outcomes:

    <p>Heat waves = Increased death toll among vulnerable populations Droughts = Reduced water levels in reservoirs Flooding = Saturation of the atmosphere Climate change = Increased reliance on fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their associated data:

    <p>Colombia's drought = Reservoirs at 53% capacity Heat wave in India = Over 3,000 deaths in nine months Amazon river basin effects = Extreme dryness in traditionally submerged areas Increased hydro dependence = Two-thirds of Colombia's electricity from hydro generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following countries with their climate-related challenges:

    <p>Colombia = Using more fossil fuels despite anti-global warming programs India = High mortality rates among the very young and old due to heat Brazil = Severe flooding and drought issues in the Amazon region South America = Effects of climate change on electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Drought = Period of prolonged dry conditions Flood = Excessive water saturation leading to overflow Reservoir = Water storage structure for hydroelectric power Hydroelectric power = Electricity generated from water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following climate phenomena with their geographic locations:

    <p>Amazon river basin = Colombia Heat waves = India Severe droughts = Amazon region Extreme flooding = Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following outcomes of climate change with their significance:

    <p>Increased heat = Difficulties for low-income populations to cope Reservoir depletion = Reduced capacity for hydroelectric generation More moisture in the atmosphere = Higher potential for flooding Greater reliance on fossil fuels = Contradiction to global warming efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statistics with their corresponding events:

    <p>255 out of 274 days = Extreme heat in India One of the worst heat and droughts = Colombia in mid 2023 Heat waves in May 2024 = New record for extreme temperatures in India 53% capacity = Colombian reservoirs during drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy challenges with their causes:

    <p>Increased fossil fuel usage = Impact of droughts on water levels Use of hydroelectric energy = Dependence on high water levels Higher temperatures = Saturation of end consumers and increased demand Deluge conditions = Saturation of atmosphere after extreme droughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following trends with their examples:

    <p>Shift in energy reliance = 40% of electricity from fossil fuels in Colombia Rising temperatures = 3,000 deaths in India due to extreme heat Hydroelectric energy generation = Two-thirds of Colombia's electricity supply Increased flooding risk = Greater moisture capacity in hot air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pairs of environmental phenomena with their characteristics:

    <p>Drought = Low moisture leading to dry conditions Flood = Excess water causing overflow and damage Heat wave = Prolonged periods of extreme temperatures Reservoir = Container for storing water for generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Natural Hazards and Disasters - Introduction Part 1

    • Media reports frequently cover natural hazards and disasters, highlighting their impact on people.
    • Some hazardous events are unpredictable, and human control is limited.
    • The course aims to clarify the nature of hazards, how they are studied, and the effectiveness of response efforts.

    Why Study Natural Hazards?

    • Natural hazards often result in substantial property damage, injuries, and fatalities.
    • These events also cause significant economic losses.
    • Predicting the magnitude and impact of hazards is difficult, and connections between causes and effects may be unclear, making them difficult to predict.
    • The 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake serves as an example of this. It caused more than 5,000 deaths, destroyed thousands of buildings , and resulted in over $100 billion in damages (1995 USD).

    Use of Examples

    • The presentation prioritizes Canadian examples.
    • Survivor and eyewitness accounts provide direct insights into hazardous events.
    • Scientific experts with relevant experience offer unbiased analyses.
    • Case studies, both Canadian and international, illustrate key concepts.

    2024 Disasters

    • Examples of recent disasters covered include:
      • Kerala (Malabar) landslides
      • Japan earthquake
      • Hurricane Helene
      • Hurricane Milton
      • Super Typhoon Yagi
      • Columbia droughts
      • India heat waves
      • Chile wildfires
      • Brazil floods

    Kerala Landslides

    • Kerala is a state on India's southwestern coast.
    • Some areas have elevations below sea level.
    • Severe landslides occurred in July 2024, which were among the worst ever recorded in the region.
    • 200 were killed, and hundreds more were buried and rescue efforts by the army were required.

    Japan Earthquake

    • Japan is a seismically active region, prone to frequent earthquakes.
    • Despite generally good building quality, a 7.7 magnitude earthquake hit the Noto Peninsula in January 2024.
    • The earthquake resulted in 504 deaths and over 1,300 injuries sustained in the main shock.
    • Over 178,270 buildings were damaged. A fire caused by the earthquake destroyed Asaichi Street in Ishikawa Prefecture on February 17, 2024.

    Hurricane Helene

    • Hurricane Helene reached Category 4 status on September 26.
    • It exhibited a relatively slow movement, combined with high sea surface temperatures and elevated humidity, which resulted in a very intense storm.
    • The storm effected the coastlines of Florida, Cuba, and Mexico.
    • The hurricane resulted in 232 deaths and property damage exceeding $22 billion.

    Hurricane Milton

    • Occurred October 5th-13th 2024
    • Reached a Category 3 status before making landfall.
    • While initially a Category 5, it weakened in strength, before making landfall on the west coast of Florida just 2 weeks after Hurricane Helene.
    • There were 32 deaths in the USA and 3 in Mexico due to complications with this storm.

    Super Typhoon Yagi

    • Formed in August 2024, continuing until September 9.
    • One of the most powerful storms in the SE Asia and China regions.
    • The storm system hit the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, and Macau.
    • 844 fatalities and 2,279 injuries were recorded, resulting in greater than $16.9 billion in damage. The storm triggered numerous landslides.

    Columbia Droughts

    • The Amazon River basin experienced record-breaking heat and drought in mid-2023.
    • Columbia's energy sources are largely hydroelectric, resulting in capacity issues related to the drought.
    • Columbia reservoirs fell to 53% capacity and droughts forced a shift towards fossil fuels (increasing to 40% dependency compared to prior levels of 25%). People walked along the dry Amazon River in Santa Sofia, near Leticia, Colombia, in October 2024.

    India Heat Waves

    • An extreme heat wave setting a new record spanning 93% of days in 2024.
    • Officially began in May 2024
    • This heatwave led to over 3,200 deaths in the first nine months of 2024
    • The heat waves led to severe water shortages, and residents had to collect water from tankers.

    Chile Wildfires

    • A massive wildfire in February 2024 burned a significant portion of central Chile.
    • It resulted in over 130 fatalities, worsened by the El Niño weather pattern.
    • The fires impacted the town of Viña del Mar, and the death toll rose to 112, with 40 outbreaks being fought within the region. Vehicles and homes burned in Viña del Mar on February 2, 2024.

    Brazil Floods

    • Heavy rains in late April resulted in record-breaking floods.
    • The floods in Rio Grande do Sul, led to over 180 deaths.
    • Close to 500,000 people were displaced, with over 77,000 seeking shelter. A cargo plane sat on a flooded runway in Porto Alegre in May 2024.

    Canada Analysis

    • Canada's natural hazards include earthquakes, icebergs, sea ice, fog, tsunamis, storm surges, floods, landslides, snow avalanches, volcanic eruptions, hail, tornadoes, and winter storms.
    • Canadian Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA) spending varies significantly, but coverage includes post-disaster assistance after events like fires, floods, and ice storms.
    • Data indicates the cost of severe weather events has increased dramatically.
    • Issues relating to horizontal and vertical equity are also noted, showing disparities in how different provinces are affected by disaster aid payments.

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    Natural Hazards and Disasters Introduction Part 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz introduces the fundamentals of natural hazards and disasters, exploring their impact on society and the challenges in predicting their occurrences. It also emphasizes the importance of studying these phenomena through various examples, particularly from Canada and significant events like the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Understanding these hazards aids in improving response efforts and mitigating damage.

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