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Questions and Answers
Which type of asexual reproduction involves the division of an organism into two or more parts?
Which type of asexual reproduction involves the division of an organism into two or more parts?
What phenomenon occurs when the strength of saturated soil is reduced due to earthquake shaking?
What phenomenon occurs when the strength of saturated soil is reduced due to earthquake shaking?
What term describes an organism that possesses both male and female reproductive organs?
What term describes an organism that possesses both male and female reproductive organs?
Why does ground shaking occur during an earthquake?
Why does ground shaking occur during an earthquake?
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Which process involves the release of gametes into the environment for fertilization?
Which process involves the release of gametes into the environment for fertilization?
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What is the defining characteristic of haploid cells?
What is the defining characteristic of haploid cells?
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What should you do first if you are inside a building during an earthquake?
What should you do first if you are inside a building during an earthquake?
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Which of the following actions is recommended to prepare for an earthquake?
Which of the following actions is recommended to prepare for an earthquake?
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Which term describes the combination of oviparity and viviparity?
Which term describes the combination of oviparity and viviparity?
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What should you avoid if you are outside during an earthquake?
What should you avoid if you are outside during an earthquake?
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What is subsidence in relation to earthquakes?
What is subsidence in relation to earthquakes?
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What is surface rupture?
What is surface rupture?
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What is a common misconception about the causes of ground shaking?
What is a common misconception about the causes of ground shaking?
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What characterizes lateral spreading during an earthquake?
What characterizes lateral spreading during an earthquake?
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What happens to rocks during an earthquake?
What happens to rocks during an earthquake?
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What is the main cause of a tsunami?
What is the main cause of a tsunami?
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Which of the following describes the field of seismology?
Which of the following describes the field of seismology?
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Who is primarily responsible for studying earthquakes?
Who is primarily responsible for studying earthquakes?
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What are landslides in the context of earthquake hazards?
What are landslides in the context of earthquake hazards?
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What type of waves are seismic waves?
What type of waves are seismic waves?
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What causes ground shaking during an earthquake?
What causes ground shaking during an earthquake?
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What is the primary assertion of Cell Theory?
What is the primary assertion of Cell Theory?
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Who is credited with the discovery of the term 'cell'?
Who is credited with the discovery of the term 'cell'?
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Which scientist proposed that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells?
Which scientist proposed that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is not a postulate of Cell Theory?
Which of the following is not a postulate of Cell Theory?
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Who focused on the study of plant cells in the development of Cell Theory?
Who focused on the study of plant cells in the development of Cell Theory?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the main function of the nucleolus within the cell?
What is the main function of the nucleolus within the cell?
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Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under a microscope?
Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under a microscope?
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Which structure is primarily involved in determining the locations of other organelles within the cell?
Which structure is primarily involved in determining the locations of other organelles within the cell?
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What is the primary role of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
What is the primary role of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Which organelle is responsible for storing food and water in a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for storing food and water in a cell?
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What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Which of the following describes autogamy in plant reproduction?
Which of the following describes autogamy in plant reproduction?
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What is allogamy in the context of sexual reproduction in plants?
What is allogamy in the context of sexual reproduction in plants?
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What best describes a major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
What best describes a major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
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What is the primary function of the cell as described?
What is the primary function of the cell as described?
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Which organelle is specifically responsible for producing energy within the cell?
Which organelle is specifically responsible for producing energy within the cell?
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What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
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In terms of cell division, which process is used by unicellular organisms as seen in bacteria?
In terms of cell division, which process is used by unicellular organisms as seen in bacteria?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of cells?
Which of the following is NOT a function of cells?
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What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
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Which structure is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?
Which structure is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?
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Which of the following statements about vacuoles is correct?
Which of the following statements about vacuoles is correct?
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What type of nutrition do animal cells exhibit?
What type of nutrition do animal cells exhibit?
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Which organelle helps in processing and packaging proteins?
Which organelle helps in processing and packaging proteins?
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Study Notes
Natural Disasters
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Earthquake (AKA Quake, Tremor, or Tremblor): Perceptible shaking of Earth's surface, caused by sudden energy release in the crust, generating seismic waves.
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Seismic Waves: Vibrations created by earthquakes, explosions, or similar energy sources.
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Seismology: Study of earthquakes and seismic waves.
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Geologist: Someone who studies earthquakes and seismic activity.
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Ground Shaking/Ground Motion: Energy radiating from earthquake waves, releasing stored energy in stressed rocks when a fault breaks.
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Ground/Surface Rupture: Fault rupture extends to the Earth's surface, creating ground surface offset.
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Liquefaction: Soil strength and stiffness reduce due to earthquake shaking, usually in saturated soils.
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Earthquake-induced ground subsidence and lateral spreading: Subsidence (lowering of ground surface) during earthquakes due to downward vertical displacement. Lateral spreading occurs when sloping grounds move downhill.
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Tsunami: A series of waves in a body of water, caused by large volume water displacement.
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Landslides: Ground movements like rock falls, slope failures, and debris flows, a secondary earthquake hazard.
- Often triggered by strong ground motion.
Theories of Life and the Cell
- Spontaneous Generation: Archaic theory stating living organisms arise from nonliving matter.
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Cell Theory: Fundamental biological theory stating cells are the basic units of living tissue.
- All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
- The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and organization.
- Pre-existing cells give rise to new cells.
Cell Theory Postulates and Proponents
- Proponents of various postulates:
- Schleiden and Schwann: Proponents of cells as basic units of structure and organization
- Virchow: Postulate for pre-existing cells giving rise to new cells
People Involved in Cell Theory
- Robert Hooke (1665): English Polymath, observed cork using a compound microscope, coined the term "cell."
- Antoine van Leeuwenhoek (1670): Dutch Microbiologist, used more powerful microscope than Robert Hooke .
Types of Cells and Their Differences
- Prokaryotic Cell: Lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unicellular, reproduces via binary fission.
- Eukaryotic Cell: Contains a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unicellular and multicellular, reproduces via mitosis.
Cell Organelles
- Nucleus: Cell's control center.
- Cell Membrane: Regulates material entering/leaving cell.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of cell.
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis site.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes/packages proteins.
- Lysosomes: Cell's waste disposal system.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transport system within cell.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling cell.
- Vacuoles: Storage for food and water.
- Chloroplasts: (Plant cells): Site of photosynthesis.
- Cell Wall: (Plant cells): Rigid outer layer.
- Centrioles: (Animal cells): Involved in cell division.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
- Animal cell: Irregular shape, heterotrophic, has lysosomes, no cell wall, no plastids, small vacuoles, has centrioles.
- Plant cell: Rectangular shape, autotrophic (can produce own food), few/no lysosomes, has cell wall, has plastids, large vacuoles, no centrioles.
Proliferation of Life
- Reproduction: Process where organisms produce offspring.
- Asexual Reproduction: Creation of offspring without fusion of sex cells. Methods include fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis.
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Sexual Reproduction: Creating offspring through fusion of female and male reproductive cells.
- Autogamy (self-fertilization), Geitonogamy (self-fertilization within the same flower), Allogamy (cross-fertilization).
- Internal/External fertilization
- Viviparity (live birth), Oviparity (laying eggs), Ovoviviparity (developing eggs internally but hatched when released).
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of natural disasters, focusing on earthquakes and the science behind them. This quiz covers key concepts such as seismic waves, ground shaking, and the impact of geological phenomena related to earthquakes. Test your knowledge on the causes and effects of earthquakes and how they shape our planet.
