40 Questions
What was Andrew Jackson's stance on central banking?
Sworn enemy
What was the result of Andrew Jackson's policies towards the Bank of the United States?
Liquidation of monetary regulation
How many local currencies were circulating in the United States on the eve of the Civil War?
7,000
What was established in 1913 as the successor to the Bank of the United States?
The Federal Reserve
Why does Andrew Jackson's face appear on the $20 bill?
Despite his stormy relationship with banking in America
What was Andrew Jackson's stance on financial oligarchs?
Unwilling to see the country dominated by them
Who did Andrew Jackson defeat in a political dispute?
John Calhoun
What was the doctrine advocated by John Calhoun?
Nullification
What was the tone of the Native Americans during the Choctaw removals in Memphis, Tennessee in 1831?
Somber and taciturn
What was the main reason why the Choctaws were leaving their country according to the Native American who spoke English?
To be free
What is the collective term used to refer to the Lakota, Nakota, and Dakota nations?
Sioux
What is the original meaning of the word 'Sioux'?
Little rattle
What was recognized by the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851?
The territory of the Sioux nations
What did the United States bind themselves to do in the Treaty of Fort Laramie?
Protect the Sioux nations against depredations by the United States people
What was the result of the Treaty of Fort Laramie's violation by the United States?
A series of wars and skirmishes
What was the deadline for Lakota people to settle on reservations?
January 31, 1876
What is the name of the region that covers parts of present-day North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado?
The Black Hills
Who was the commander of the Sioux during the Battle of Rosebud?
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
What was the ratio of Sioux to U.S. troops during the Battle of Rosebud?
Three to one
What was the outcome of the Battle of Rosebud?
Crook's troops suffered numerous casualties and withdrew
Who led the Seventh Cavalry into the Black Hills during the Battle of Little Big Horn?
Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer
What was the purpose of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer's mission?
To order the Sioux to return to their reservations
What was the outcome of the Battle of Little Big Horn?
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse overwhelmed Custer's men
What was the title of Sitting Bull besides being a holy man?
Head Chief of the Lakota nation
What has been developed by Americans in the last decade or so regarding the treatment of Indians?
A reasonably acute sense of the injustices and humiliations suffered by the Indians
What is Dee Brown attempting to do with his work?
To give a balanced account of U.S. history
What is the title of the book written by Dee Brown?
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
Who directed the Western film Unforgiven (1992)?
Clint Eastwood
What is the title of the Western film that prefigured Kevin Costner's Dances With Wolves (1990)?
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
What is the title of the novel that inspired Anthony Mann's The Furies?
The Idiot
Who directed the Western films Stage Coach (1939), She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), and The Searchers (1956)?
John Ford
What was the result of the revival of the Western genre in the early 1990s?
A increase in the number of Western films produced with a more realistic portrayal of the lawmen
What was the outcome of the Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association case?
The court ruled that religious freedom cases should be deferred to legislative matters.
Why did the court rule that religious freedom cases should be deferred to legislative matters?
Because there were 'too many so-called religions'.
What was compromised by the Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association ruling?
The trust relationship between the federal government and Native American tribes.
What is one consequence of the Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association ruling?
The Sherbert Test was no longer applicable.
Where are many Native American artifacts currently located?
In European museums, such as the Musée du Quai Branly.
What event occurred in 1803 that affected the territory of the Plains Indians?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What was the context in which French explorers, missionaries, and traders encountered the Plains Indians?
In the territory that France ceded to the United States.
What was the goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
To explore the Louisiana Territory.
Study Notes
Andrew Jackson and American Banking
- Andrew Jackson was a sworn enemy of paper currency and central banking, referring to the Bank of the United States as the "Monster".
- He vetoed the renewal of the Bank's charter in 1832 and ran for reelection as the champion of "People v. Monster".
- This led to the liquidation of monetary regulation in the United States and ensuing monetary decentralization.
- The result was an epidemic of counterfeiting, with 7,000 local currencies circulating in the United States by the eve of the Civil War.
- It took President Lincoln's Banking Act of 1862 to restore monetary order.
Andrew Jackson and Native Americans
- Jackson was a staunch defender of the Union and offered himself as a friend of the common man, unwilling to see the country dominated by financial oligarchs.
- He defeated John Calhoun, who advocated for the doctrine of "nullification", which would allow a state to deny the validity of a federal law.
- Jackson broke with Calhoun and ultimately marginalized him.
The Removal of Native Americans
- The Choctaw removals in Memphis, Tennessee in 1831 were described by Tocqueville as a scene of "ruin and destruction", with the Indians being "somber and taciturn".
- The Black Hills region of the United States covers parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado, and is home to the Lakota, Nakota, and Dakota nations.
- The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 recognized Sioux territory, but the United States soon violated the treaty, leading to a series of wars and skirmishes.
Battles with Native Americans
- In 1876, the battles of Rosebud and Little Big Horn took place, with the Sioux, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, refusing to comply with US commands to confine themselves to reservations.
- Brigadier General George Crook's troops were largely outnumbered and suffered numerous casualties, leading to a withdrawal.
- Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer's battalion was overwhelmed by the Sioux, resulting in the deaths of his entire battalion of 200 men.
The Legacy of Native American Treatment
- The treatment of Native Americans has been marked by injustice, with the US government violating treaties and engaging in discriminatory policies.
- The Western film genre revived in the early 1990s, with films like Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven (1992) portraying the lawman behaving as badly as the renegade.
- The Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association (1988) ruling compromised the trust relationship between the federal government and Native American tribes, undermining religious freedom and treaty relations.
Take this quiz to learn about the injustices and humiliations suffered by Native Americans in the United States. Dee Brown's work has shed light on the dark side of American history.
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