Nationalism in Turkey and India

12 Questions

What was Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy towards government laws?

Satyagraha/Truth Force

What was the goal of the All Indian Muslim League?

To create an individual state for Indian Muslims

What was the outcome of the protest at Amritsar on April 13, 1919?

The Amritsar Massacre

What was the condition offered by Britain to India during the 1st World War?

Pangakong Awtonomiya ng India

What was Gandhiji's method of protest against British-made clothing?

Boycotting British-made clothing

What was the significance of the spinning wheel in India's struggle for independence?

It was a symbol of Indian tradition

What was the primary focus of the Young Turks Movement?

Campaigning for modernization of the state and implementation of economic reforms

What was the significance of the nickname 'Ataturk' given to Mustafa Kemal?

It was a recognition of his promotion of Turkish Nationalism

What was a key characteristic of the type of government established by Kemal?

A secular government, separating the laws of religion and the country

What was one of the key reforms implemented by Mustafa Kemal in Turkey?

All of the above

How long was the Ottoman Empire in control of Modern Day Turkey?

From 1453 to 1918

What was the name of the ideology that formed the 6 characteristics of the Republic of Turkey?

Kemalism or the Six Arrows

Study Notes

Nationalism in Turkey

The Young Turks Movement, founded in 1906, campaigned for modernization of the state, including constitutional democracy and economic reforms.
Mustafa Kemal, a Turkish military officer, became the first president of Turkey and was nicknamed "Ataturk," meaning "Father of the Turks," for promoting Turkish nationalism.
Kemalism, also known as the Six Arrows, formed the 6 characteristics of the Republic of Turkey:
- Secularism, separating laws of religion and the country
- A new legal system based on the European system
- Women's freedom to participate in elections and hold public office
- Western-style education
- Industrialization programs to modernize the nation
- Banning of traditional clothing in favor of European and American styles

Nationalism in India

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, fought for Indian rights based on Ahimsa (Non-Violent) principles.
Gandhi believed in a simple subsistence lifestyle and advocated for Indian independence from Britain.
Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, aimed for Indian independence from Britain, regardless of social status and religious beliefs.
All Indian Muslim League sought to create a separate state for Indian Muslims.
During the 1st World War, India supported Britain with troops, money, and supplies, but many Indians still desired full independence.

Important Events in Indian Nationalism

Rowlatt Act (1919) gave the British government the right to arrest and detain Indians without trial for two years.
Amritsar Massacre (1919) occurred when British Indian troops fired upon a crowd of Indians protesting the Rowlatt Act.
Satyagraha, or Truth Force, is a philosophy of non-violent resistance to government laws to encourage change.
Civil Disobedience, launched by Gandhi, aimed to weaken British political power and livelihood in the country.
- Methods of civil disobedience included:
  - Avoiding British-made products
  - Avoiding British public schools
  - Opposing tax payment
  - Avoiding solidarity in elections
  - Boycotting British-made clothing
The spinning wheel became a national symbol during the boycott of British-made clothing.
The Salt Act stated that Indians could only buy salt from the British.