Nationalism in India: A Historical Overview

Colonial oppression created a shared bond among various groups, which helped in recognizing their common struggle against a common enemy.

Gandhi sought to unify different social groups by promoting the Congress Party as a platform for collective action against colonial rule, emphasizing non-violence and civil disobedience.

These movements galvanized mass participation across different sectors of society, instilling a sense of national identity and resistance against colonial authority.

<p>The growth of nationalism was complex due to varied experiences of colonialism, differing notions of freedom, and the resulting conflicts among different social groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They played a crucial role in redefining identities, fostering emotional connections, and creating a collective consciousness among the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each class and group experienced colonialism differently, leading to diverse interpretations and aspirations of freedom based on their unique struggles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass processions became a visible and vocal expression of collective nationalism, demonstrating unity and mobilizing support for the independence movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Congress faced challenges such as internal conflicts among different social classes and the varying interpretations of national identity and freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi called off the movement due to the brutal repression by the government and the arrest of many satyagrahis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included Gandhi's participation in the Round Table Conference and the government's agreement to release political prisoners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The negotiations at the Round Table Conference broke down, leading to Gandhi's disappointment upon his return to India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Other notable figures included members of the Congress who were leading the civil rights movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resurgence of repression from the government and the illegal declaration of the Congress party prompted Gandhi's decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HSRA was founded in 1928 to promote armed resistance against British rule, with key leaders like Bhagat Singh and Jatin Das.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government responded with brutal repression, attacking peaceful protestors, including women and children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many nationalists began to question the effectiveness of non-violence in the struggle against British rule, especially after government crackdowns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natesa Sastri believed folklore was national literature and the most trustworthy manifestation of people's real thoughts and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tricolour flag represented eight provinces of British India through eight lotuses and included a crescent moon symbolizing Hindus and Muslims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhiji's Swaraj flag represented the ideals of self-help through the spinning wheel and included the colors red, green, and white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying the flag aloft during marches symbolized unity and resistance against British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indians began to reinterpret their history to instill pride in the nation, opposing the British perception of them as backward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tagore's painting depicted Bharat Mata with a trishul and a lion, contrasting the British view by symbolizing strength and dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalist leaders believed icons and symbols were crucial in unifying people and inspiring feelings of nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinning wheel in the Swaraj flag symbolizes the ideal of self-reliance and the importance of handicrafts in the freedom struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Varied aspirations and expectations of diverse groups led to disunity in the nationalist movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The failure of the Cripps Mission and widespread discontent due to World War II catalyzed the Quit India Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Do or Die' became a rallying call for mass mobilization against British rule, embodying the urgency of the struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ordinary people engaged through hartals, demonstrations, and national songs, showing widespread involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam to the sahibs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leaders like Jayprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, and women such as Matangini Hazra actively participated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate demand was for the British to transfer power to Indians and to quit India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi called off the movement due to the spread of violence and brutal repression by the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British responded with force, attempting to suppress the movement over more than a year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi sought to unify Hindus and Muslims by taking up the Khilafat issue as a shared cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Quit India Movement showcased mass mobilization and solidarity among diverse groups against colonial rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Khilafat Committee aimed to protect the Khalifa's authority following World War I and unite Muslims around a common cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prominent Muslim leaders were Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi realized the need for a broader-based movement as the Rowlatt satyagraha was limited mainly to cities and towns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The defeat of Ottoman Turkey and the threat of a harsh peace treaty prompted concerns among Muslims about the Khalifa's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British government bombed villages and flogged individuals as means of repression during the Rowlatt satyagraha.</p> Signup and view all the answers