Questions and Answers
What was modern nationalism in Europe associated with?
What was a shared bond that tied many different groups together in the Indian anti-colonial movement?
What was the impact of the war on the Indian economy?
What was the result of forced recruitment in rural areas?
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Who led the Congress in trying to forge different groups together within one movement?
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What movement is the chapter going to explore after picking up the story from the 1920s?
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What happened to prices between 1913 and 1918?
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What was the impact of the famines and the epidemic on the population?
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What became a common feature during the national movement in India?
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Where did Mahatma Gandhi successfully fight against the racist regime?
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What was the period during which the national movement in India spread to new areas, incorporating new social groups, and developing new modes of struggle?
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What was the context in which the growth of modern nationalism in India is intimately connected?
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What is the principle of satyagraha?
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What was the consequence of the varied experiences and notions of freedom among different classes and groups in India?
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What was the result of the crop failures in 1918-19 and 1920-21?
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What was the method of mass agitation used by Mahatma Gandhi?
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Study Notes
Nationalism in India
- Nationalism in India emerged as a response to colonialism, with the anti-colonial movement playing a significant role in shaping the national identity.
- The Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, sought to unite different social groups within one movement, but this unity was not without conflict.
The Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements
- The movements took place in the 1920s, with mass processions on the streets becoming a common feature.
- The national movement during this period spread to new areas, incorporated new social groups, and developed new modes of struggle.
The First World War and Its Impact
- The war led to a huge increase in defence expenditure, financed by war loans and increasing taxes, customs duties, and income tax.
- Prices doubled between 1913 and 1918, leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
- Villages were forced to supply soldiers, leading to widespread anger, and crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food.
- An influenza epidemic accompanied the food shortages, resulting in the death of 12 to 13 million people, according to the census of 1921.
Mahatma Gandhi and the Idea of Satyagraha
- Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915, bringing with him the concept of satyagraha, developed during his time in South Africa.
- Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth, suggesting that physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
- This novel method of mass agitation involved appealing to the oppressor through non-violent means, seeking to win the battle without vengeance or aggression.
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Description
This quiz explores the emergence of nationalism in Europe and its comparison with the Indian context. It delves into the formation of nation-states, identity, and sense of belonging.
