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Questions and Answers
The ______ of this National Standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC).
The ______ of this National Standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC).
formulation
This standard provides specifications of metal bars, pipes, and tubes for ______ and structures.
This standard provides specifications of metal bars, pipes, and tubes for ______ and structures.
agricultural machinery
The word "shall" is used to indicate ______ strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard.
The word "shall" is used to indicate ______ strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard.
requirements
The word "should" is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly ______.
The word "should" is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly ______.
In the preparation of this standard, the following ______ were considered.
In the preparation of this standard, the following ______ were considered.
A single dash next to the grade number indicates a grade of ______.
A single dash next to the grade number indicates a grade of ______.
The color code for a weldable grade of steel bar is ______.
The color code for a weldable grade of steel bar is ______.
The markings for deformed bars are shown in ______ 2.
The markings for deformed bars are shown in ______ 2.
The text describes pipes as being classified as ______ and heavy.
The text describes pipes as being classified as ______ and heavy.
Each bundle of bars should be ______ indicating the batch number, diameter, length, number of pieces and name of manufacturer.
Each bundle of bars should be ______ indicating the batch number, diameter, length, number of pieces and name of manufacturer.
ISO R657/1:1968 pertains to the dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections, specifically equal-leg ______.
ISO R657/1:1968 pertains to the dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections, specifically equal-leg ______.
PNS 26:2002 specifies requirements for black and hot-dipped zinc-coated (galvanized) longitudinally welded steel ______.
PNS 26:2002 specifies requirements for black and hot-dipped zinc-coated (galvanized) longitudinally welded steel ______.
The standard PAES 316:2002 provides technical information for metal bars, pipes, and tubes used in agricultural ______.
The standard PAES 316:2002 provides technical information for metal bars, pipes, and tubes used in agricultural ______.
JIS G 3466:1994 focuses on stainless steel pipes for machine and structural ______.
JIS G 3466:1994 focuses on stainless steel pipes for machine and structural ______.
ISO 1035/1:1980 details the dimensions of hot-rolled steel bars, specifically ______ bars.
ISO 1035/1:1980 details the dimensions of hot-rolled steel bars, specifically ______ bars.
The ______ of carbon steel square and rectangular tubes shall be in accordance with JIS G 3446:1994.
The ______ of carbon steel square and rectangular tubes shall be in accordance with JIS G 3446:1994.
Tubes shall be designated by the following data in the sequence shown: ______, dimensions, and material.
Tubes shall be designated by the following data in the sequence shown: ______, dimensions, and material.
Tubes shall be clearly marked with the ______ by an appropriate method on each tube or on each bundle of tubes.
Tubes shall be clearly marked with the ______ by an appropriate method on each tube or on each bundle of tubes.
The ______ of bar, pipes and tubes can be selected using either Figure 4 or 5.
The ______ of bar, pipes and tubes can be selected using either Figure 4 or 5.
The moment of inertia given the following parameters: type of loading, amount of load, length of beam, and the allowable ______ can be obtained using Figure 4.
The moment of inertia given the following parameters: type of loading, amount of load, length of beam, and the allowable ______ can be obtained using Figure 4.
Similarly, the ______ given the following parameters: type of loading, amount of load, length of beam, maximum bending moment, and the allowable unit stress can be obtained using Figure 5.
Similarly, the ______ given the following parameters: type of loading, amount of load, length of beam, maximum bending moment, and the allowable unit stress can be obtained using Figure 5.
The ______ or the section modulus shall then be used in determining the appropriate dimensions to be used.
The ______ or the section modulus shall then be used in determining the appropriate dimensions to be used.
A single dash next to the grade number indicates a grade of ______ steel bar.
A single dash next to the grade number indicates a grade of ______ steel bar.
The ______ for deformed bars are shown in Figure 2.
The ______ for deformed bars are shown in Figure 2.
The moment of inertia is also known as the ______ factor in Figure 4.
The moment of inertia is also known as the ______ factor in Figure 4.
Figure 5 is a nomograph for determining the ______ factor, represented by section modulus, also known as strength factor S.
Figure 5 is a nomograph for determining the ______ factor, represented by section modulus, also known as strength factor S.
The allowable ______ is represented in the units of meters per meter.
The allowable ______ is represented in the units of meters per meter.
The ______ moment is represented in units of Newton-meters.
The ______ moment is represented in units of Newton-meters.
The allowable unit stress in Figure 5 is expressed in units of ______ per square millimeter.
The allowable unit stress in Figure 5 is expressed in units of ______ per square millimeter.
Pipes shall be designated by the following data in the sequence shown: nominal size, classification, length, and ______.
Pipes shall be designated by the following data in the sequence shown: nominal size, classification, length, and ______.
Pipes shall be clearly marked with the following items: designation and manufacturer’s name or its ______.
Pipes shall be clearly marked with the following items: designation and manufacturer’s name or its ______.
Tubes shall be classified according to their ______.
Tubes shall be classified according to their ______.
Nomenclature and designation of dimensions of tubes shall be as illustrated in ______.
Nomenclature and designation of dimensions of tubes shall be as illustrated in ______.
Circular, square, and rectangular are types of ______.
Circular, square, and rectangular are types of ______.
Materials of pipes include carbon steel and ______ steel.
Materials of pipes include carbon steel and ______ steel.
Steel pipes may be black (BI) or hot-dipped zinc-______ (GI).
Steel pipes may be black (BI) or hot-dipped zinc-______ (GI).
Dimensions of tubes shall conform to ______.
Dimensions of tubes shall conform to ______.
A flat bar can be classified into ______ types based on its leg configuration.
A flat bar can be classified into ______ types based on its leg configuration.
The dimensions of a flat bar include its width ______ and thickness.
The dimensions of a flat bar include its width ______ and thickness.
The term ______ refers to bars that have legs of different lengths.
The term ______ refers to bars that have legs of different lengths.
When calculating the tolerance dimensions, we often use the formula ______ for equal-leg bars.
When calculating the tolerance dimensions, we often use the formula ______ for equal-leg bars.
In structural applications, the ______ of a flat bar can significantly impact its load-bearing capacity.
In structural applications, the ______ of a flat bar can significantly impact its load-bearing capacity.
A C-channel is an example of ______ used for structural support.
A C-channel is an example of ______ used for structural support.
Design considerations for flat bars include their intended ______ and the load requirements.
Design considerations for flat bars include their intended ______ and the load requirements.
The letter 'H' in the diagram represents the height of the flat bar's ______.
The letter 'H' in the diagram represents the height of the flat bar's ______.
Flashcards
PAES 316: 2002
PAES 316: 2002
A standard that provides specifications for metal bars, pipes, and tubes used in agricultural machinery and structures.
Shall
Shall
Word that indicates a requirement that MUST be followed, with no deviation allowed.
Should
Should
Word that indicates a recommended course of action, but not a requirement.
Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC)
Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC)
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Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
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ISO R657 & ISO 1035
ISO R657 & ISO 1035
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JIS G 3466, JIS G 3444, JIS G 3452, JIS G 3459
JIS G 3466, JIS G 3444, JIS G 3452, JIS G 3459
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PNS 26:2002
PNS 26:2002
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PNS 49:2002
PNS 49:2002
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Bar Grade Markings
Bar Grade Markings
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Color Codes for Bars
Color Codes for Bars
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Weldable Grade Indicator
Weldable Grade Indicator
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Non-Weldable Bar
Non-Weldable Bar
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Flat bar
Flat bar
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Equal-leg angled bar
Equal-leg angled bar
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Unequal-leg angled bar
Unequal-leg angled bar
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C-channel
C-channel
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Width (B) of a flat bar
Width (B) of a flat bar
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Thickness (T) of a flat bar
Thickness (T) of a flat bar
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Leg Length (B-t)/2 of an angled bar
Leg Length (B-t)/2 of an angled bar
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Half-width (B-t)/4 of an angled bar
Half-width (B-t)/4 of an angled bar
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Carbon steel pipes
Carbon steel pipes
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Stainless steel pipes
Stainless steel pipes
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JIS G 3452:1988
JIS G 3452:1988
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JIS G 3459:1988
JIS G 3459:1988
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Pipe Designation
Pipe Designation
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Pipe Markings
Pipe Markings
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Tubes
Tubes
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Figure 3 - Classification and nomenclature of tubes
Figure 3 - Classification and nomenclature of tubes
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JIS G 3446:1994
JIS G 3446:1994
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Tube Designation
Tube Designation
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Tube Markings
Tube Markings
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Stiffness Nomograph (Figure 4)
Stiffness Nomograph (Figure 4)
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Strength Nomograph (Figure 5)
Strength Nomograph (Figure 5)
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Stiffness Factor
Stiffness Factor
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Strength Factor
Strength Factor
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Deflection
Deflection
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Allowable Unit Stress
Allowable Unit Stress
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Maximum Bending Moment
Maximum Bending Moment
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Total Load
Total Load
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Length of Beam
Length of Beam
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Type of Loading
Type of Loading
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Concentrated Load
Concentrated Load
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Uniform Load
Uniform Load
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Study Notes
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard (PAES 316:2002)
- This standard specifies metal bars, pipes, and tubes for agricultural machinery and structures.
- It follows PNS 01-4:1998 (ISO/IEC Directives Part 3:1997) for structure and drafting of international standards.
Foreword
- The standard was initiated by AMTEC to enhance AFMA implementation through improved agricultural engineering standards, funded by BAR of the Department of Agriculture (DA).
- "Shall" indicates mandatory requirements for compliance.
- "Should" indicates recommendations, not strict requirements.
- Several references were consulted, including the James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation, and various ISO standards (dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections, hot-rolled steel bars, etc.).
Scope
- This standard defines specifications and technical information for metal bars, pipes, and tubes used in agricultural machinery and structures.
References
- The standard references several international standards (JIS, PNS) related to steel, general structures, corrosion resistance, and pipes for various applications.
Application
- Metal bars, pipes, and tubes are used for components, structural framing, and mechanical elements for agricultural machines and structures in agriculture.
Definitions
- Bar: A long, evenly shaped piece of solid metal.
- Deformed bar: Steel bars with protrusions (lugs).
- Nominal diameter of deformed bar: Equivalent diameter of a round bar with the same mass per meter.
- Pipe: Long hollow cylinders of specified thickness.
- Tube: Long, hollow products of various shapes and dimensions.
Bars - Classification
- Bars are classified by cross-section (Figure 1).
- Round (smooth or deformed).
- Square.
- Flat.
- Angled (equal/unequal legs).
- Channel sections.
- I-beams.
- Detailed dimensions are provided in Tables 1-8.
Dimensions
- Tables 1-8 outline dimensions and properties (mass per unit length, moment of inertia, section modulus) for various bar cross-sections (round, square, flat, equal-leg/unequal-leg angled, channel, I-beams).
- Specific tables detail dimensions for different types of bars and variations in dimensions.
Nomenclature
- The standard details how to denote dimensions of bars.
Materials (For Hot-Rolled Steel Bars)
- Material specifications are referenced to JIS standard for hot rolled steel bars.
- Mechanical properties (yield and tensile strength) are given in Table 9 for different grades.
Designation and Markings
- Bars and pipes have unique marking systems with manufacturer information, specification details, and dimensions.
- Detailed markings and codes are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
Pipes – Classification and Dimensions
- Pipes are categorized into light and heavy gauges.
- Dimensions are specified in Table 10.
Tubes – Classification, Dimensions and Materials
- Tubes are categorized by shape. (e.g. circular, square, rectangular).
- Dimensions for different tube types are given in Tables 12-14.
- Materials for tubes, particularly carbon steel, follow specific JIS standards (Table 11).
Nomograms (Figures 4 and 5)
- Nomograms (Figures 4 and 5) provide methods to determine appropriate dimensions based on loading, length of the beam, and allowable stress.
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