National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of the program focused on literacy for adults aged 15-35?

  • To solely improve children's reading capabilities.
  • To restrict access to educational materials.
  • To provide only online learning resources.
  • To motivate adults to read and write effectively. (correct)

    • What significant achievement was recognized by UNESCO’s NOMA Literacy Prize in 1999?

  • The establishment of digital switching systems.
  • The initiative to teach 80 million adults to read and write. (correct)
  • The increase of oilseed production in rural areas.
  • The development of indigenous telecom technologies.

    • What impact did the restructuring of the marketing system have on oilseed production in India?

  • It eliminated the need for importing edible oils.
  • It encouraged farmers to plant oilseeds. (correct)
  • It resulted in a decrease in oilseeds planted.
  • It restricted exports of oil cakes.

    • What was one of the key technological advancements in India's telecommunications sector?

    <p>Introduction of digital switching systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the dairy production initiative affect India’s global standing in milk production?

    <p>India became the leading producer of milk in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the INSAT-1B satellite launched in 1983?

    <p>Communication for telecommunications and broadcasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which satellite was part of India's first interplanetary mission?

    <p>Mars Orbiter Mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant achievement of the Chandrayaan-1 mission in 2008?

    <p>Discovered water molecules on the Moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the GSAT-1 satellite launched in 2001?

    <p>It tested new technologies in communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which satellite was specifically designed for astronomical observations?

    <p>Astrosat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the IRNSS-1C satellite launched in 2014?

    <p>Navigation for precise positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which satellite, launched in 2017, was utilized for military and cartographic applications?

    <p>Cartosat-2 Series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which satellite was part of the Indian Remote Sensing programme launched in 1993?

    <p>IRS-1E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spacecraft successfully landed on Titan in 2005?

    <p>Huygens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did the Hubble Space Telescope make to astronomy?

    <p>Determining the universe's age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mission was designed as a planetary defense test?

    <p>Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Parker Solar Probe?

    <p>To study the solar corona and solar wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the namesake of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory?

    <p>Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mission is primarily focused on studying Mars and assessing its habitability?

    <p>Curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major discovery did the Galileo spacecraft make about Europa?

    <p>It likely has a subsurface ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the IceBridge Mission?

    <p>To provide a 3D view of polar ice sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)?

    <p>To achieve self-sufficiency in missile technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile was developed first under the IGMDP?

    <p>Prithvi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Government of India approve the IGMDP?

    <p>1983</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile system is characterized as a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile?

    <p>Prithvi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone did the DRDO announce on January 8, 2008?

    <p>The successful completion of IGMDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile categorized as a medium-range ballistic missile has a range of 700-800 km?

    <p>Agni I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial classification for the Agni missile during its early development?

    <p>Technology demonstrator project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Trishul missile is accurate?

    <p>It is a short-range low-level surface-to-air missile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target goal for India's positioning in the global scientific arena by 2020?

    <p>Among the top five global scientific powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of private sector to public sector R&D investment in India at present?

    <p>1:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is mentioned as a Public Private Partnership for investing in innovative projects in India?

    <p>National Science, Technology and Innovation Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect does the National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 emphasize in response to the Covid-19 pandemic?

    <p>Importance of serious investment in science and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of the STIP regarding the recognition of performances in science and technology?

    <p>To recognize and reward wealth creation from S&amp;T knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the global investment in science, technology, and innovation did India's R&D investment account for as of 2009?

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach aims to enable the conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications?

    <p>Establishing new public-private partnerships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of innovations does the policy aim to seed through new mechanisms?

    <p>S&amp;T-based high-risk innovations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile is classified as a medium-range surface-to-air missile capable of multi-target engagement?

    <p>Akash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary propulsion type of the Agni V intercontinental ballistic missile?

    <p>Solid propellant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile is designed to counter low-level attacks with electronic counter-measures?

    <p>Trishul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability distinguishes the Nirbhay missile among the missiles listed?

    <p>It is capable of being launched from multiple platforms including air, land, and sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which missile has a range of more than 5,000 km and is capable of carrying nuclear warheads?

    <p>Agni V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does the HELINA missile possess?

    <p>It is an air-to-surface version of the NAG missile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of missile is BrahMos and how is it characterized?

    <p>Supersonic cruise missile developed in collaboration with Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is essential for the flight guidance of the Nag missile?

    <p>Sensor fusion technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020 (STIP 2020)

    • Aims to position India among the top three scientific superpowers in the coming decade.
    • Recognizes the importance of science and technology in addressing societal challenges, exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • Suggests a vision of science, technology, and innovation for the people.
    • Sets a target of 2020 to be amongst top five global scientific powers.

    Investment in Research & Development

    • Global R&D investment in 2009 was $1.2 trillion.
    • India's R&D investment is less than 2.5% of global investment and under 1% of GDP.
    • A critical step is for private sector R&D investment to match that of the public sector (currently around 1:3 ratio).
    • A National Science, Technology and Innovation Foundation will be a Public-Private Partnership for investing in innovative projects.

    National Science and Technology Missions

    • Communication Satellites: INSAT-1B (1983), SROSS Series (1987), INSAT-2E (1999), GSAT-1 (2001), GSAT-18 (2016), etc.
    • Earth Observation Satellites: IRS-1E (1993), Cartosat-1 (2005), Cartosat-2 (2017), etc.
    • Lunar Exploration: Chandrayaan-1 (2008), found water molecules on the moon.
    • Mars Exploration: Mars Orbiter Mission (2013, Mangalyaan) - India's first interplanetary mission.
    • Navigation Satellites: IRNSS-1C (2014)
    • Space Observatory: Astrosat (2015)

    Missions with Global Collaboration/Influence

    • Cassini-Huygens (1997-2017): Joint NASA-ESA-ASI mission to Saturn and Titan.
    • Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999): NASA's project focusing on X-Ray Images.
    • Curiosity (2011): Active NASA Mars exploration mission assessing Mars' habitability
    • Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART, 2021): NASA planetary defense mission, altering an asteroid's orbit.
    • Galileo (1989-2003): NASA mission to study Jupiter and its moons.
    • Hubble Space Telescope (1990): NASA project to determine age of the universe.
    • IceBridge Mission (2009): Extensive aerial survey of Earth's polar ice sheets.
    • International Space Station (1998): Multi-national effort in space construction.
    • Parker Solar Probe (2018): NASA's mission to touch the Sun.
    • CubeSats: Nanosatellites for standardized dimensions.

    Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)

    • Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam initiated the IGMDP to enhance India's missile capabilities.
    • The program, approved in 1983, aimed to develop five missile systems:
      • Prithvi (Short-range Surface-to-Surface Ballistic Missile)
      • Agni (Intermediate-range Surface-to-Surface Ballistic Missile)
      • Trishul (Short-range Surface-to-Air Missile)
      • Akash (Medium-range Surface-to-Air Missile)
      • Nag (Third-generation Anti-Tank Missile)

    Specific Missile Details

    • Agni I, II, III, IV, V: Different variants of intermediate-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles with varying ranges and capabilities.
    • Trishul: Short-range surface-to-air missile.
    • Akash: Medium-range surface-to-air missile.
    • Nag: Third-generation anti-tank missile.
    • Prithvi: Short-range ballistic missile.
    • BrahMos: Supersonic cruise missile (Joint venture with Russia)
    • Nirbhay: Subsonic missile (Multi-platform launch capability)

    Other Initiatives

    • Literacy: Teach 80 million people (ages 15-35) to read and write.
    • Oilseeds: Increase production by 18 million tons to reduce imports.
    • Telecommunications: Improve service and accessibility, including in rural areas.
    • Dairy: Increase production from 44 to 61 million metric tons per year and boost employment in the sector.

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    Explore India's ambitious National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020 aimed at positioning the country as a leading scientific superpower. This quiz covers critical aspects such as investments in R&D, public-private partnerships, and national science missions, highlighting the importance of innovation in addressing societal challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic.

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