Tema 7 National Innovation Systems

What is the primary weakness of neoclassical economics in relation to innovation?

Which aspect is NOT included in the definition of a national innovation system according to Edquist?

According to Lundvall, what does the national innovation system encompass?

What role does the State play in the national innovation system?

Which concept refers to the interactions among organizations influencing innovation and technology development?

Freeman’s definition of the national innovation system emphasizes which aspect?

What is a reason for policymakers to study the national innovation system?

What is considered a system failure in the context of national innovation?

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the interactions within a national innovation system?

What do national innovation systems primarily aim to enhance?

National Innovation Systems

Neoclassical economics' limitations in explaining economic growth and competitiveness led to the introduction of the national innovation system concept.
Neoclassical assumptions hinder understanding of innovation and learning processes because they focus on equilibrium and rational expectations.
Firms need support to innovate because innovation is risky, and they don't operate in isolation. Thus, states play a critical role in the innovation process.
National innovation systems are networks of public and private sector institutions that drive and diffuse new technologies.

Defining National Innovation Systems

Freeman (1987) defines it as a network of institutions that initiate, import, modify, and spread new technologies.
Lundvall (1992) describes it as encompassing all elements of the economic structure and institutional setup influencing learning, exploration, and seeking new knowledge.
Nelson (1993) defines it as a collection of institutions that shape national firms' innovative performance.
Edquist (1997) includes all economic, social, political, and institutional elements that influence innovation development, diffusion, and application.

Components of a National Innovation System

Composed of organizations (universities, businesses, technology transfer offices, government agencies), and institutions (legal frameworks, patent laws, intellectual property regulations, university rules).
Innovation and technology advancement arise from the intricate interconnections between actors within the system.

Policy Implications

Understanding national innovation systems helps policymakers pinpoint ways to enhance innovation and competitiveness.
Policy intervention may be necessary beyond correcting market failures, especially when weak links or bottlenecks exist within the system, reflecting the inadequacy of certain system components or institutions.

Explore the concept of national innovation systems and their significance in driving economic growth and competitiveness. This quiz examines the foundational definitions, key components, and the role of public and private institutions in fostering innovation. Understand how different theorists define and conceptualize the interconnections within an innovation system.