Nation and Nation-State
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the federal court in relation to the constitution?

  • To interpret the constitution (correct)
  • To enforce the laws of the central legislature
  • To resolve disputes between citizens
  • To amend the constitution

    • What is the significance of bicameral legislature in a federal state?

  • To increase the size of the legislature
  • To provide equal representation to the competent units (correct)
  • To reduce the power of the federal government
  • To provide representation to the central government only

    • What is the main advantage of federalism in combining unity with diversity?

  • It leads to administrative inefficiency
  • It maintains a balance between centripetal and centrifugal forces (correct)
  • It provides more power to the central government
  • It ensures uniformity in laws and policies

    • What is the benefit of experimentation in federalism?

    <p>It allows for diversity and variety in administration and legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the federal court's power to declare laws as ultra vires?

    <p>It ensures the supremacy of the constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a federal system?

    <p>A unity of several states with diversity and autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of federalism in terms of administration?

    <p>It allows for diversity and variety in administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the principle of equality in a federal system?

    <p>It ensures equal representation of competent units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the Presidential system of government?

    <p>Irresponsible system of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the President responsible for in the Presidential system?

    <p>The President is not responsible to the Congress for their duties and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a check on the President's power in the Presidential system?

    <p>The Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power of the Senate in the Presidential system?

    <p>Approving the President's appointments of ministers and secretaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the Congress do if the President vetoes a bill?

    <p>The Congress can override the veto with a two-third majority vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the President select his ministers or secretaries?

    <p>The President selects them from anywhere in the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the Congress in the Presidential system?

    <p>The Congress is independent of the executive organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Presidential system?

    <p>There is a separation of powers between the executive and legislative organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the family theory of state origin?

    <p>It simplifies the origin of the state by attributing it solely to the family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key argument presented by the Matriarchal Theory of state origin?

    <p>The mother was the head of the family in primitive societies due to the lack of permanent marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these scholars is NOT associated with the Matriarchal Theory of state origin?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism levied against the Matriarchal Theory?

    <p>It is historically inaccurate, as both matriarchal and patriarchal systems developed simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary premise of the Force Theory of state origin?

    <p>States were formed through the dominance of powerful tribes via warfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is criticized for solely focusing on one factor in the origin of the state?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, which of these is NOT considered a factor in state formation?

    <p>Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the Force Theory?

    <p>It oversimplifies the process of state formation by solely emphasizing force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What binds people together to form a nation?

    <p>Common language, religion, culture, or race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dankwart A. Rustow emphasize about the elements of nationhood?

    <p>Psychological elements are more important than objective ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two countries are noted as the first national states?

    <p>England and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis of a modern state?

    <p>Law and legal systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two aspects of law in the modern concept?

    <p>Legislative enactment and universal enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of law in society according to the content?

    <p>To prevent conflict and crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity was the first to receive the power to make laws?

    <p>The English Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges can arise from multiple ethnic and religious minorities in a state?

    <p>Revolts and national liberation struggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of authoritarian government is characterized by the transfer of power within a family?

    <p>Monarchic Dynasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a totalitarian dictatorship?

    <p>A single individual's government with little to no freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a constitutional monarchy, who shares power with the head of state?

    <p>Legislative branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of authoritarian governments?

    <p>Limited individual freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a primary function of the separation of powers?

    <p>Financial power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is NOT typically associated with an oligarchic government?

    <p>Qatar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of government is central to Aristotle's theory of separation of powers?

    <p>Distribution of government functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nation and Nation-State

    • A nation is a group of people united by common language, religion, culture, or race, and common historical experience, aspiring to establish or maintain their separate and independent State.
    • A nation-State has two elements: objective and subjective factors.
    • Objective factors include common territory, language, religion, culture, and historical experience of national liberation struggles.
    • Subjective elements are psychological factors of national feelings and consciousness.

    Modern State and Law

    • Modern State is based upon law.
    • Laws are authoritative norms made and enforced by the State.
    • Law is an instrument of social control to prevent conflict, violence, and crimes in society.
    • Law has two aspects: legislative enactment and universal enforcement.

    Theories of Origin of State

    1. Legalism

    • Modern State is based upon law.
    • Criticism:
      • Simplified the origin of state by attributing it to the family alone.
      • The authority of the father over children is temporary and ends as soon as children grow up.

    2. Matriarchal Theory

    • According to this theory, the patriarchal family came into existence only when the institution of permanent marriage was in vogue.
    • Among primitive societies, there was a sort of sex anarchy instead of permanent marriage, under which condition, the mother rather than the father was the head of the family.
    • Criticism:
      • Partial as it included family only.
      • Analyzed the origin of the family as the origin of state, but state is more than an expanded family.
      • Historically false, as it declared the existence of a matriarchal system at a particular time, when in fact, both matriarchal and patriarchal systems developed side-by-side.

    3. Force Theory

    • According to this theory, wars and aggressions by a powerful tribe were the principle factor in the creation of the state.

    Federalism

    • A federal State is a complex organization that requires double mode of representation; one for the country as a whole and another for the competent units.
    • Merits of federalism:
      • Combines the merits of unity with diversity.
      • Allows for experiment and diversity in administration, legislation, and policy.

    Presidential System

    • The President is the head of State as well as the Chief Executive of the government.
    • The President is invested with immense and absolute powers as conferred by the Constitution.
    • Merits of the Presidential system:
      • Control over the military, police, etc.
      • Checks and balances on the authority of the President.

    Authoritarian Governments

    • Types of authoritarian governments:
      • Absolute Monarchy: where the head of state holds absolute power and control.
      • Constitutional Monarchy: where the head of state shares power with the legislative branch and must act within the parameters of a constitution.
      • Oligarchy: where most political power rests with a few people of dominant class or group of society.
      • Totalitarian Dictatorship (autocracy): where a single person holds unlimited power and regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior.

    Separation of Powers

    • The theory of separation of powers refers to the threefold distribution of governmental functions or powers:
      • Legislative power
      • Executive power
      • Judicial power

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    Related Documents

    Principles of Political Science (405) PDF

    Description

    Understand the concept of a nation and nation-state, including the objective and subjective factors that define them. Learn about the common characteristics that unite a nation and the historical experiences that shape their identity.

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