NASM Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome Quiz

Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome

• Characterized by flat feet and knock knees.
• Involves foot pronation, adducted, and internally rotated knees.

Short Muscles Involved

• Gastrocnemius: A muscle located in the calf.
• Soleus: Also a calf muscle, contributes to foot movement.
• Peroneals: Group of muscles on the outer side of the lower leg.
• Adductors: Muscles located in the inner thigh, responsible for adducting the leg.
• Iliotibial Head: Part of the iliotibial band, which stabilizes the knee.
• Hip Flexor Complex: Includes several muscles that help flex the hip.
• Biceps Femoris: One of the hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh.

Lengthened Muscles Involved

• Anterior Tibialis: Located at the front of the lower leg, responsible for ankle dorsiflexion.
• Posterior Tibialis: Supports the arch of the foot, often lengthened in pes planus.
• Vastus Medialis: Portion of the quadriceps, involved in knee stability.
• Gluteus Medius/Maximus: Key muscles for hip abduction and stability.
• Hip External Rotators: Muscles that assist in rotating the hip outward.

Increased Movement Patterns

• Knee Adduction: Tendency for the knees to move toward each other.
• Knee Internal Rotation: Increased inward rotation of the knee joint.
• Foot Pronation: Increased flattening of the foot arch during movement.
• Foot External Rotation: Adjustment of foot positioning outward.

Decreased Movement Patterns

• Ankle Dorsiflexion: Limited ability to bring the top of the foot toward the shin.
• Ankle Inversion: Reduced movement of the foot twisting inward.

Possible Injuries Associated

• Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the tissue connecting the heel to the toes.
• Posterior Tibialis Injury: Often associated with overuse or dysfunction in pes planus.
• Patellar Tendonitis: Also known as jumper's knee, inflammation of the patellar tendon.
• Low-back Pain: Common injury due to altered gait and posture from pes planus.