Nasal Medications and Their Usage

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Air pollution

Allergic reactions

Genetic predisposition

Cigarette smoking (correct)

Which of the following signs or symptoms may indicate asthma severity?

Wheezing intensity

Presence of cyanosis (correct)

Cough frequency

Dyspnea duration

Which factors can precipitate asthma even in an individual without allergies?

Intake of sugary foods

Consuming dairy products

Influenza infections (correct)

Cold weather (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a typical diagnostic test for asthma?

MRI scans Signup and view all the answers

What type of asthma is typically characterized by an unknown cause and frequently follows respiratory infections?

Intrinsic asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of using topical nasal sprays such as phenylephrine?

Rebound rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the administration of nasal steroids?

Two sprays in each nostril every twelve hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of immunotherapy in allergy management?

To develop a defensive reaction against allergens. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Acute Viral Rhinitis?

Severe headaches requiring medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for receiving allergy injections in immunotherapy?

Monthly for at least three years Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of chronic bronchitis?

Excessive productive cough Signup and view all the answers

Which structural change is NOT associated with chronic bronchitis?

Destruction of bronchial walls Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining element of emphysema?

Destructive process of air spaces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the consequence of increased airway resistance in emphysema?

Small airways narrowing or collapsing Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test allows for direct visualization of the lungs?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the loss of elastic recoil in emphysema?

Barrel chest formation Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicative of CO2 retention in patients with COPD?

Increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pursed lip breathing' indicate in emphysema patients?

Effort to prolong expiration Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is primarily used to improve airway dilation in patients?

Bronchodilator inhalers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a serious complication of COPD that is related to high blood pressure in the lungs?

Cor Pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of oxygen that should be provided via nasal cannula for a COPD patient?

2L/min Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is important for patients to enhance airway clearance?

Teach effective coughing techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of insufficient oxygenation in patients with COPD?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the appropriate use of bronchodilator therapy?

Prior to engaging in physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by increased hemoglobin levels due to chronic oxygen deficiency?

Polycythemia Vera Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment method is critical for a nurse to monitor in a patient with COPD?

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with acute bronchitis?

Persistent cough lasting up to 3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic sinusitis?

Cough with purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

In patients with pneumonia, which of the following symptoms may be present in the elderly?

Altered mental status Signup and view all the answers

What typical finding might be noted during a physical exam of a patient with pharyngitis?

Throat mildly red to beefy red Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is appropriate for acute viral pharyngitis?

Symptom management with fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic test for pneumonia?

Sputum culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing management in pneumonia care?

Relieving symptoms and preventing pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is appropriate for treating streptococcal pharyngitis?

Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of tuberculosis infection?

Granuloma formation in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is typically NOT associated with acute bronchitis?

Production of purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is recommended for symptom relief in chronic sinusitis?

Decongestants and nasal steroid sprays Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing a culture on a patient with pharyngitis?

If there is uncertainty about whether infection is bacterial or viral Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is indicated for bacterial pneumonia?

Antibiotics and supportive care Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may be a potential cause for chronic sinusitis?

Allergic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rebound Rhinitis and Nasal Treatments

Pseudoephedrine and topical nasal sprays like phenylephrine can cause rebound rhinitis and CNS reactions.
Nasal steroids include Nasacort, Nasonex, Beconase (two sprays each nostril every 12 hours), and Flonase (one spray each nostril every 12 hours).
Proper usage of nasal sprays involves gently blowing the nose, tilting the head forward, and positioning the spray away from the nasal septum while sniffing gently.

Immunotherapy

Allergy injections help develop a defensive reaction and are administered monthly for a minimum of three years.
Beneficial for patients resistant or intolerant to medications and those requiring continuous medication for allergies.

Acute Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)

Common symptoms include cough, red throat due to post-nasal drip, normal tympanic membranes, swollen lymph nodes, and red, inflamed nasal mucosa.
Sinus drainage may appear thick and yellow; patients are typically afebrile or present with a low-grade fever.
Different phases of rhinitis: acute (under 4 weeks), subacute (4-12 weeks), chronic (over 12 weeks).

Chronic Sinusitis

Symptoms last longer than 12 weeks; common underlying issues include nasal polyps, deviated septum, or allergic rhinitis.
Treatment may involve surgery and allergy control and decongestants for sinusitis.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx can be acute bacterial, acute viral, or chronic (often non-infectious).
Symptoms include varying throat redness, possible exudate, palpable lymph nodes, and clear lungs.
Treat viral pharyngitis with symptomatic management; bacterial infections require antibiotics like Amoxicillin or Zithromax.

Lower Respiratory Problems

Acute Bronchitis

Typically viral; characterized by bronchi inflammation and persistent cough with clear mucoid sputum for up to three weeks.
Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and dyspnea.
Treatment focuses on symptom relief using cough suppressants and bronchodilators.

Pneumonia

Acute inflammation of lung tissue caused by infectious agents, with types including community-acquired, hospital-acquired, aspiration, and opportunistic pneumonia.
Symptoms include fever, cough (with or without sputum), chills, and shortness of breath, especially in older adults where altered mental status may occur.
Diagnosis includes chest x-rays, CBC, sputum cultures.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Chronic infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, classified by its slow growth.
Tubercle bacilli can cause local inflammation, leading to neutrophil and macrophage activity in the lungs, potentially forming granulomas.
Must report new cases to public health agencies.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive disorder with airflow limitation and is mainly attributed to cigarette smoking.
Comprises chronic bronchitis (productive cough for three months or more) and emphysema (distension of airspaces and destruction of lung structure).
COPD symptoms include dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and the use of accessory muscles for breathing.

Diagnostic Tests and Management for COPD

Diagnostics include bronchoscopy, respiratory assessments, and evaluation of AP diameter and fremitus.
Medical management involves inhalers, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and may require supplemental oxygen depending on patient needs.

Nursing Management for COPD

Focus on managing impaired gas exchange, encouraging ventilation, and oxygen therapy education.
Important interventions include monitoring ABGs, patient assessment for supplemental oxygen needs, and effective coughing techniques to maintain airway clearance.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the use of various nasal medications, including pseudoephedrine and nasal steroids like Nasacort and Flonase. Learn the correct application techniques and potential side effects like rebound rhinitis and CNS reactions. Test your knowledge on proper nasal care and medication administration.