Narrative Medicine and Group Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of narrative medicine?

  • Expanding pharmaceutical knowledge
  • Developing new medical technologies
  • Enhancing clinical practice with scientific data
  • Understanding and interpreting patient narratives (correct)

    • Which statement best describes 'synergy' in group work?

  • The result of collaboration producing better outcomes than individual efforts (correct)
  • The systematic assessment of group performance
  • The expectation of uniform behavior in the group
  • The assignment of specific roles to group members

    • What distinguishes explicit norms from implicit norms in a group setting?

  • Explicit norms are written or verbally stated, while implicit norms are often unspoken expectations. (correct)
  • Explicit norms are often unspoken, while implicit norms are clearly stated.
  • Explicit norms are flexible, while implicit norms are rigid.
  • Explicit norms are less important for group dynamics compared to implicit norms.

    • How should one approach listening to a patient’s narrative according to Rita Charon?

    <p>Listen actively to what the patient thinks is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'strategy' in the context of group collaboration?

    <p>A method for addressing issues within the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a primary source from a secondary source?

    <p>A primary source contains unedited information from involved persons, whereas a secondary source is a commentary on that information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes CRAAP criteria?

    <p>CRAAP stands for currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose in evaluating sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of foreground questions in research?

    <p>To solve specific client problems and provide tailored information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source category compiles and analyzes information from multiple secondary sources?

    <p>Tertiary source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes academic dishonesty according to McMaster's academic integrity policy?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the positive conceptualization of health from the negative conceptualization?

    <p>Negative conceptualization acknowledges that one can be sick and still possess healthy traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a socio-environmental approach to health?

    <p>Determinants such as income and education can affect health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the Ottawa Charter concerning health?

    <p>Identifying prerequisites for health including income and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health promotion strategy is aimed at preventing the development of disease?

    <p>Primary disease prevention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major health challenges highlighted by the WHO's goal of 'Achieving Health for All'?

    <p>Reducing inequity in health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Labonte’s conceptualization, which aspect contributes to a sense of health?

    <p>Engaging in enjoyable activities and having fulfilling relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social determinant of health relates to conditions affecting community wellbeing?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes tertiary disease prevention?

    <p>Mitigating residual disability during recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which charter focused on societal responsibility and the importance of equity over equality in health?

    <p>Toronto Charter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a social determinant of health?

    <p>Individual genetic predisposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the contributions of Theophilus Mack to nursing education?

    <p>He started the first training school for nurses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization set professional standards for nursing education in Canada?

    <p>The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major global events influenced the perception of nursing requiring university degrees?

    <p>The influenza pandemic and World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four nursing professions recognized in Canada?

    <p>Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What framework concept emphasizes collaboration in nursing?

    <p>Interprofessional relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of future RN leadership is highlighted among the essential skills?

    <p>High collaboration and team building skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence which type of nurse is assigned to a client?

    <p>Client gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing regarding individuals and communities?

    <p>Leading individuals and communities to manage their own health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical issue influenced the initial development of nursing education?

    <p>Racism against black individuals in nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of registered nurses (RNs)?

    <p>They deliver care in various situations including health and illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are procedural norms within a group context primarily concerned with?

    <p>How the group should operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of motivation comes from internal sources?

    <p>Intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes the phenomenon where group members adopt attitudes matching the group norms?

    <p>Conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of task roles in a group?

    <p>To enhance workflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Belbin’s team-role theory, which role is focused on developing ideas and approaching tasks innovatively?

    <p>Innovator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'emancipatory knowing' involve in the context of nursing?

    <p>Understanding and addressing social justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nonconformity serves the purpose of alerting the group to its flaws?

    <p>Constructive nonconformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patterns of knowing emphasizes ethical decision-making?

    <p>Ethical knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of communication apprehension primarily reflects an individual’s distress when interacting with others?

    <p>Fearfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-directed learning require from individuals?

    <p>Initiative in all learning steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role in a group context focuses on maintaining harmonious relationships among members?

    <p>Harmonizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern of knowing involves one's appreciation of situations and emotional connections with others?

    <p>Aesthetic knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of group member role focuses on organizing tasks and coordinating group efforts?

    <p>Coordinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of unmet group member needs on group dynamics?

    <p>Emergence of extremes in behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Narrative Medicine

    • Clinical practice informed by understanding and interpreting patient narratives.
    • Involves paying attention to the stories patients tell, including verbal, nonverbal, and unspoken aspects.
    • Emphasizes the significance of human learning alongside scientific knowledge.
    • Aims to make sense of patient narratives to address their fears, anxieties, and concerns.
    • Suggests focusing on active listening rather than asking numerous questions.

    Working in Groups

    • Virtual teams are becoming increasingly prevalent in business operations.
    • Groups are more efficient when tackling complex problems, sharing common goals, and having effective organization.
    • Synergy refers to the enhanced outcomes achieved through collaborative efforts, exceeding individual contributions.
    • Norms define acceptable and unacceptable behaviors and opinions within groups, shaping expectations.
    • Explicit norms are openly stated or written rules, often established by leaders.
    • Implicit norms are unspoken but expected, evolving through interactions.
    • Conformity occurs when members align their attitudes with group norms.
    • Constructive nonconformity involves challenging group norms to improve them.
    • Destructive nonconformity involves disregarding group norms without reason, often due to apathy.
    • Group motivation drives members to work together, stemming from external or internal sources.
    • Extrinsic motivation arises from external factors like rewards or recognition.
    • Intrinsic motivation stems from internal factors like personal satisfaction or enjoyment.
    • Group member needs, such as inclusion, control, and affection, are essential for group dynamics.
    • Task roles focus on workflow and task accomplishment, while social maintenance roles focus on interpersonal harmony.
    • Belbin's team-role theory suggests individuals naturally gravitate towards roles aligning with their personality and strengths.
    • The theory identifies nine team roles: Coordinator, Monitor Evaluator, Innovator, Shaper, Implementer, Completer Finisher, Resource Investigator, Teamworker, and Specialist.

    Nursing’s Fundamental Patterns of Knowing

    • Emancipatory knowing emphasizes understanding and addressing social justice and equity, striving for equality.
    • Paraxis involves critical reflection and action to promote emancipatory knowing and dismantle social inequities.
    • There are five fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing:
      • Emancipatory knowing: Reflects on social, political, and cultural contexts to promote equality.
      • Ethical knowing: Focuses on determining the right actions through reasoning and subjective judgment.
      • Personal knowing: Deepens self-awareness and understanding of personal relationships.
      • Aesthetic knowing: Appreciates the art of nursing, fostering meaningful moments through actions, narratives, and interactions.
      • Empiric knowing: Utilizes scientific knowledge and evidence-based practices.

    Self-directed learning

    • Individuals take initiative in all aspects of learning, determining their own needs and goals.
    • Emphasizes independent learning and making informed choices about the learning process.

    Information Literacy

    • Popular sources cater to general audiences, while scholarly and trade sources are more specialized.
    • Primary sources are first-hand accounts from individuals directly involved in an event or study.
    • Secondary sources provide commentary or analysis based on primary sources.
    • Tertiary sources synthesize and analyze secondary sources.
    • The CRAAP tool helps evaluate sources based on Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, and Purpose.
    • McMaster's Health Sciences Library website utilizes a 6S hierarchy to guide evidence-based practice:
      • Systems: Integrated information from all levels, including patient records.
      • Summaries: Regularly updated clinical textbooks.
      • Synopses of Syntheses: Summarize findings from multiple studies.
      • Syntheses: Summarize all available evidence on a research question.
      • Synopses of Single Studies: Summaries of high-quality individual studies.
      • Single Studies: Unique research reports answering specific questions.

    Professionalism, Academic Integrity, and Scholarly Writing

    • Academic dishonesty involves any act that unethically seeks academic credit or advantage.
    • Examples of academic dishonesty include plagiarism, submitting the same work for different courses, submitting purchased work, helping others cheat, altering grades, or stealing/destroying work.
    • Florence Nightingale's system of care significantly shaped nursing education in Canada.
    • Early hospitals provided education in exchange for free labor from prospective nurses.
    • Theophilus Mack introduced formalized training schools replacing untrained nurses.
    • The Weir Report highlighted concerns about untrained nurses working during their studies, leading to the decline of hospital training schools.
    • The need for university-educated nurses was recognized following WW1 and the influenza pandemic, leading to the development of nursing programs in universities.
    • The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) set professional educational standards for nurses.
    • Mary Agnes Snively played a crucial role in establishing the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA).

    Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada

    • RNs are self-regulated healthcare professionals who collaborate to improve health outcomes.
    • They provide healthcare services in a wide range of settings across the health-illness continuum.
    • RNs receive broad education and can specialize in specific areas of nursing.
    • There are four nursing professions in Canada: RNs, NPs, practical nurses, and psychiatric nurses.
    • The framework for RNs considers the patient, environment, health, and nursing.
    • Nursing domains include clinical practice, education, administration, policy, and research.
    • Future nursing leadership requires a set of essential skills:
      • Global perspective on healthcare and nursing issues.
      • Technology proficiency for mobile and portable healthcare delivery.
      • Strong decision-making skills rooted in empirical knowledge.
      • Ability to foster organizational cultures.
      • Understanding and participation in political processes.
      • Excellent collaboration and team-building abilities.
      • Balancing authenticity with performance expectations.
      • Adaptability to evolving healthcare systems.

    RN and RPN Practice

    • Interprofessional relationships involve multiple professions working together to care for clients.
    • Intraprofessional relationships involve members of the same profession collaborating.
    • The Regulated Health Professions Act (1991) and the Nursing Act (1991) provide the framework for nursing practice, governing:
      • Nursing's Scope of Practice Statements describing the profession's responsibilities and methods.
      • Controlled acts, which are potentially harmful activities authorized to nurses.
      • Nurses' accountability for their actions.

    Defining Health & Health Models

    • Health conceptualization can be negative, focusing on a range of health between death and absolute health, or positive, recognizing multiple dimensions of health.

    • Health conceptualizations include:

      • Health as stability (adherence to functional and social norms)
      • Health as actualization (achieving human potential)
      • Health as actualization and stability (combining potential with adaptation to daily demands)
      • Health as a resource (performing roles, engaging in activities)
      • Health as a unity (holistic view of well-being).

    • Labonte's conceptualization of health emphasizes vitality, satisfying relationships, control, engaging in enjoyable activities, and a sense of purpose.

    • Historical approaches to health include:

      • Medical approach (health restored through medical interventions)
      • Behavioral approach (health influenced by lifestyle choices, potentially leading to victim-blaming)
      • Socio-environmental approach (health is shaped by determinants in the social environment, the current dominant perspective).

    • Major acts shaping health in Canada:

      • Ottawa Charter (1986): Identified prerequisites for health including peace, shelter, education, food, income, equity, etc.
      • Achieving Health for All (WHO goal): Identified major health challenges and strategies to address them.
      • Strategies for Population Health: Emphasized social determinants of health and identified 14 contributing factors.
      • Jakarta Declaration (1997): Added prerequisites to the Ottawa Charter, declared poverty as a major threat, and set new health priorities.
      • Toronto Charter (2008): Focused on specific social determinants of health, advocating for equity and highlighting societal responsibility for health outcomes.

    • Social Determinants of health:

      • Income and income distribution
      • Education
      • Unemployment and job security
      • Employment and working conditions
      • Early childhood development
      • Food security
      • Environment
      • Housing
      • Social exclusion
      • Social safety network
      • Health services
      • Indigenous status
      • Gender
      • Culture, race, and racism
      • Disability
      • Social environments

    • Health promotion strategies aim to empower individuals to improve their health:

      • Health prevention: Avoiding disease development.
      • Primary prevention: Protecting against disease before symptoms appear.
      • Secondary prevention: Early detection of disease.
      • Tertiary prevention: Mitigating disability during recovery.
      • Build healthy public policies
      • Create supportive environments
      • Strengthen community action
      • Develop personal skills
      • Reorient health services.

    • Health promotion = enabling individuals to increase control over and improve their health through societal change and addressing social determinants of health.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of narrative medicine, emphasizing the importance of understanding patient stories in clinical practice. Additionally, it delves into the dynamics of working in groups, focusing on collaboration, norms, and efficiency in virtual teams. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact in the healthcare and business environments.

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