Narcolepsy and Student Concerns Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What concern is mentioned with the highest frequency among university students?

  • Household
  • Friends
  • Education
  • Health (correct)

Which concern has the lowest frequency reported by students?

  • Financial (correct)
  • Sexual intimacy
  • Employment
  • Government

Which category of concern has more than 50% of students reporting it?

  • Health (correct)
  • Government
  • Dating
  • Flatmate

Which concern is related to social engagement with peers?

<p>Making new friends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of students expressed a desire to date a certain person?

<p>24% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most commonly associated with narcolepsy?

<p>Sudden episodes of sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cataplexy in the context of narcolepsy?

<p>A sudden loss of muscle tone in response to emotions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population is affected by narcolepsy?

<p>0.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event was linked to an increase in narcolepsy cases, particularly in Europe?

<p>The H1N1 influenza pandemic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chloe's case, narcolepsy likely developed as a side effect of which vaccine?

<p>Pandemrix vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does Chloe exhibit during her automatic behavior state?

<p>She engages in complex tasks without memory of them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emotions is most commonly a trigger for cataplexy?

<p>Laughter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the fMRI studies reveal about brain activity related to decision-making?

<p>Brain activity begins before conscious decision-making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the content, what role does consciousness play according to the described experiments?

<p>Consciousness interprets actions after they occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon illustrates that people may not be aware of their decision-making processes?

<p>Choice blindness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did EEG sensors measure in relation to decision-making?

<p>Brain activation before muscle movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the findings regarding the timing of conscious thought and brain activity?

<p>Brain activity occurs before the conscious decision is felt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect might personal intuition about decision-making have based on the experiments discussed?

<p>It creates a false sense of agency over actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the choice blindness experiment, what were participants initially asked to do?

<p>Identify the more attractive face. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method used alongside fMRI in studying decision-making processes?

<p>Electromyography (EMG) sensors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings, what is the sequence of events in decision-making as suggested by the research?

<p>Brain activation -&gt; Conscious thought -&gt; Muscle movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the 'hard problem of consciousness'?

<p>Explaining how subjective experience arises from the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the qualitative aspect of conscious experience?

<p>Phenomenology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are psychologists ultimately trying to understand regarding human experience?

<p>The subjective perspectives of the people they study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered a mystery related to consciousness?

<p>The homunculus problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Cartesian theatre' suggest about our experience of consciousness?

<p>It indicates we perceive the world from a subjective inner perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult for psychologists to study consciousness?

<p>Consciousness cannot be quantitatively measured (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do psychologists differ in their approach to studying humans compared to biologists?

<p>Psychologists emphasize subjective human experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does phenomenology bring to the study of psychology?

<p>It introduces subjective variability in experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between mind and body in psychology?

<p>Understanding this relationship is a core problem in psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the experience of free will in relation to decision-making?

<p>It may serve as a mechanism to track decisions and actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of free will influence our understanding of responsibility?

<p>It binds us to perceived decisions, aiding in understanding responsibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept reflects the difficulty in understanding the consciousness of others?

<p>The problem of other minds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are qualia primarily concerned with?

<p>Subjective experiences in our mental life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of unconscious influences according to the discussion on free will?

<p>They complicate decision-making, making it difficult to attribute actions solely to conscious thought. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the feeling of making a decision be misleading?

<p>Because individuals can be unaware of the complexities behind their choices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the author's perspective on the sense of agency?

<p>It serves as a way to connect personal identity with decision outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the problem of other minds have on interpersonal relationships?

<p>It complicates fully comprehending others' experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does laughter exemplify the relationship between physical responses and decision-making?

<p>It serves as a reminder of a decision influenced by multiple underlying processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a reason for the strong personal experience of free will despite scientific skepticism?

<p>It provides a practical function in navigating social responsibilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Characteristics of Consciousness

Four main traits to understand consciousness including awareness and responsiveness.

Cartesian Theatre

A philosophical concept where consciousness is viewed as a central place in the mind.

Philosopher's Zombie

A hypothetical being that behaves like a human but lacks conscious experience.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder causing uncontrollable sleep episodes during the day.

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Cataplexy

Sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions, often associated with narcolepsy.

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Unconscious Processes

Mental processes that occur without conscious awareness, influencing behavior.

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Models of Attention

Theories explaining how we focus on certain stimuli while ignoring others.

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Current Student Concerns

Common issues that university students face, ranked by frequency.

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Health Concerns

The most mentioned concern, relating to diet and exercise, cited by 85% of students.

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Social Activities

Desire for acceptance in campus organizations, mentioned by 34% of students.

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Family Relations

Concern about improving relationships with immediate family, mentioned by 40% of students.

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GSR (Galvanic Skin Response)

A measure of emotional arousal indicated by skin moisture, used in research on distress.

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Hard Problem of Consciousness

The difficulty of explaining how subjective experience arises from brain activity.

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Phenomenology

The study of how things seem to the conscious person regarding quality of experience.

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Homunculus Problem

The philosophical question of how inner experience controls behavior.

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Problem of Other Minds

The challenge of knowing whether other people have subjective experiences like our own.

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Mind-Body Problem

The question of how mental states are related to physical brain states.

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Subjective Experience

Personal interpretations and feelings associated with consciousness.

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Consciousness

The state of being aware of and able to think about one's own existence and surroundings.

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Understanding Mind and Behavior

The goal of psychology to combine objective and subjective experiences.

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Brain activity before decisions

Research shows brain activity occurs before a person feels they have made a conscious decision.

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fMRI studies

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging that tracks brain activity related to decision-making.

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EEG sensors

Devices that measure electrical activity in the brain to determine timing of decisions.

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EMG sensors

Electromyography sensors that measure muscle activity related to actions.

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Choice blindness

Phenomenon where people fail to recognize their decisions and rationalize them as premeditated.

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Choice justification

The process of rationalizing a decision after it has been made, even if it feels unpremeditated.

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Feeling of control

The subjective experience that suggests our thoughts lead to action, despite unconscious influences.

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Decision-making processes

The cognitive activities involved in selecting a course of action among alternatives.

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Free Will

The belief that individuals can make choices independent of external influences.

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Conscious Free Will

The strong personal feeling of having control over one's decisions.

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Wegner's Suggestion (2002)

The idea that the experience of free will helps track our actions and decisions.

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Unconscious Influences

The underlying factors that affect our choices without our awareness.

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Sense of Agency

The feeling of being the author of one's own actions and decisions.

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Qualia

The subjective experiences of perception, such as feelings and sensations.

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Social Responsibility

The expectation that individuals should be accountable for their actions.

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Mental States

Internal experiences and feelings that shape our understanding and actions.

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Influence of Humor

The complex processes that lead to physical reactions like laughter.

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Study Notes

Consciousness

  • Consists of conscious and unconscious processes
  • Attention is a key part of consciousness
  • Sleep and dreaming are states of altered consciousness
  • Drugs and consciousness: artificial inspiration
  • Hypnosis
  • Out-of-body experiences
  • Meditation and religious experiences: higher consciousness
  • Consciousness may be considered in terms of multiple levels:
    • Minimal consciousness
    • Full consciousness
    • Self-consciousness

Chapter Learning Objectives

  • Describe four characteristics of consciousness and some of the major problems of studying it.
  • Explain the relevance of key notions, including the Cartesian theatre, the homunculus, the philosopher's zombie, and animal consciousness.
  • Briefly evaluate the evidence for unconscious processes.
  • Describe different models of attention with supporting experimental evidence.
  • Compare and contrast different states of consciousness, including sleep, dreaming, drug intoxication, and hypnosis.

Consciousness

  • The mind's eye, conscious and unconscious states.
  • Open and closed mind, attention.
  • Sleep and dreams
  • Drugs and consciousness: artificial inspiration
  • Out-of-body experiences
  • Meditation and religious experiences: higher consciousness

Mysteries of Consciousness

  • Hard problem of consciousness
  • Phenomenology
  • Homunculus problem
  • The mind-body problem
  • The problem of other minds

Consciousness and Unconsciousness

  • Describes what it feels like to be you right now
  • The Cartesian theatre (after philosopher René Descartes)
  • The private, personal nature of consciousness.
  • Altered states, exploration of consciousness.
  • Ways to explore consciousness.
  • Mysteries of consciousness, the homunculus problem, the problem of other minds, the mind-body problem.

Consciousness and the Mind's Eye: Open and Closed

  • What does it feel like to be you right now?
  • Discusses several approaches to consciousness.
  • Suggests problems in measuring or understanding consciousness.

Consciousness and Unconsciousness

  • Examines what it feels like to be you right now.
  • Discusses the Cartesian theatre and its limitations in understanding consciousness.
  • Talks about the private and subjective nature of consciousness.
  • Explores altered states of consciousness and their study.

The Problem of Other Minds

  • The fundamental difficulty in perceiving the consciousness of others.
  • Introspection, and how to access other minds
  • Qualia, and their significance in understanding others
  • Materialism and its implications on understanding consciousness.

The Mind-Body Problem

  • The relationship between the mind and body
  • Descartes' view of the mind-body dualism
  • The physical interaction between mind and matter
  • The difficulty of studying consciousness directly

Drugs and Consciousness

  • Psychoactive drugs: Influence consciousness by altering brain's chemical message system.
  • Effects of drugs on consciousness: Depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and marijuana.
  • Drug use and abuse.
  • Harm reduction approach to drug use.

Sleep

  • The sleep cycle.
  • The stages of sleep (NREM and REM) and their characteristics.

Sleep Disorders

  • Insomnia
  • Sleep apnea
  • Sleepwalking (somnambulism)
  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleep paralysis
  • Night terrors

The Dreaming Brain

  • Altered states of consciousness in dreams
  • Dream theories (Freud's activation-synthesis, content of dreams)

Attention

  • Selective attention
  • Information bottleneck
  • Early filter and late selection models of attention

Disorders of Attention Following Brain Damage

  • Unilateral visual neglect and Balint's syndrome.
  • The effects of brain damage on attention.
  • How brain damage leads to different types of attentional disorders.
  • Damage to the dorsal pathway affecting attention.

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