Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of liposomes used in personalized medicine?
What is a key characteristic of liposomes used in personalized medicine?
- They require high temperatures for drug activation.
- They can encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. (correct)
- They have a rigid structure that prevents drug release.
- They are only effective for localized drug delivery.
Which method is NOT commonly associated with the bottom-up approach in nanoparticle development?
Which method is NOT commonly associated with the bottom-up approach in nanoparticle development?
- Electrospinning (correct)
- Self-assembling systems
- Spray-drying
- Nanoprecipitation
How does the surface-to-volume ratio affect nanoparticles in drug delivery?
How does the surface-to-volume ratio affect nanoparticles in drug delivery?
- Surface area has no impact on nanoparticle functionality.
- A lower ratio enhances cellular uptake.
- A higher ratio allows for better interaction with biological cells. (correct)
- A higher ratio decreases the efficiency of drug loading.
What application of nanomedicine is specifically highlighted for vaccine enhancement?
What application of nanomedicine is specifically highlighted for vaccine enhancement?
What is a primary function of surface engineering in nanoparticles?
What is a primary function of surface engineering in nanoparticles?
What is a key feature of nanoscale materials?
What is a key feature of nanoscale materials?
How is the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine produced?
How is the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine produced?
What happens to the percentage of surface atoms as the number of shells in spherical iron nanocrystals increases?
What happens to the percentage of surface atoms as the number of shells in spherical iron nanocrystals increases?
What is the surface area to volume ratio of a particle primarily affected by?
What is the surface area to volume ratio of a particle primarily affected by?
Which of the following statements about lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations is true?
Which of the following statements about lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations is true?
Why is a high surface to volume ratio important in nanomedicine?
Why is a high surface to volume ratio important in nanomedicine?
When using nanoparticles for vaccine delivery, what is a key advantage?
When using nanoparticles for vaccine delivery, what is a key advantage?
What type of yeast is used in the production of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine?
What type of yeast is used in the production of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine?
What did Richard Feynman emphasize in his 1959 lecture regarding synthetic chemistry?
What did Richard Feynman emphasize in his 1959 lecture regarding synthetic chemistry?
Which nanoparticle was first approved by the FDA in 1995?
Which nanoparticle was first approved by the FDA in 1995?
What is a primary application of nanomedicine?
What is a primary application of nanomedicine?
What characteristic of nanoparticles significantly influences their biological interactions?
What characteristic of nanoparticles significantly influences their biological interactions?
In what year was the first targeted liposome developed?
In what year was the first targeted liposome developed?
Which nanoparticle system is known for its role in controlled release for macromolecules?
Which nanoparticle system is known for its role in controlled release for macromolecules?
Which nanoparticle was introduced into clinical trials in 2011?
Which nanoparticle was introduced into clinical trials in 2011?
What type of nanoparticles are used to enhance the efficacy of gene therapy?
What type of nanoparticles are used to enhance the efficacy of gene therapy?
Which of the following nanoparticle technologies entered clinical trials in 2008?
Which of the following nanoparticle technologies entered clinical trials in 2008?
Nanoparticle technology has been recognized for its potential in what area of medicine?
Nanoparticle technology has been recognized for its potential in what area of medicine?
What effect does increasing the aspect ratio (L/W ratio) of Au nanorods have on their longitudinal peaks?
What effect does increasing the aspect ratio (L/W ratio) of Au nanorods have on their longitudinal peaks?
What change occurs in the surface plasmon band of nanoparticles during aggregation?
What change occurs in the surface plasmon band of nanoparticles during aggregation?
What is the relationship between quantum dot (QD) size and light emission wavelength?
What is the relationship between quantum dot (QD) size and light emission wavelength?
How does the dispersion color of 14 nm Au nanoparticles change during aggregation?
How does the dispersion color of 14 nm Au nanoparticles change during aggregation?
What determines the energy and wavelength of visible light in the context of the spectrum?
What determines the energy and wavelength of visible light in the context of the spectrum?
What is the significance of Richard Feynman's lecture 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'?
What is the significance of Richard Feynman's lecture 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'?
Which of the following nanoparticles was first approved by the FDA?
Which of the following nanoparticles was first approved by the FDA?
What year was the first controlled release polymer system for macromolecules developed?
What year was the first controlled release polymer system for macromolecules developed?
What is a primary application of nanoparticles in medicine?
What is a primary application of nanoparticles in medicine?
Which nanoparticle was introduced into clinical trials in 2011?
Which nanoparticle was introduced into clinical trials in 2011?
What type of nanoparticles did Feynman's lecture primarily address?
What type of nanoparticles did Feynman's lecture primarily address?
Which nanoparticle technology was developed for MR imaging?
Which nanoparticle technology was developed for MR imaging?
When was the first targeted liposome introduced?
When was the first targeted liposome introduced?
What is the purpose of surface modification in nanoparticles?
What is the purpose of surface modification in nanoparticles?
What is the primary effect when gold nanoparticles are in resonance with an oscillating electric field of incident light?
What is the primary effect when gold nanoparticles are in resonance with an oscillating electric field of incident light?
Why do 14 nm gold nanoparticles appear red when exposed to white light?
Why do 14 nm gold nanoparticles appear red when exposed to white light?
What phenomenon causes the surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles to red-shift as their size increases?
What phenomenon causes the surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles to red-shift as their size increases?
What is the relationship between the size of gold nanoparticles and the wavelength of light they absorb?
What is the relationship between the size of gold nanoparticles and the wavelength of light they absorb?
What is the excitation maximum for Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)?
What is the excitation maximum for Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)?
When gold nanoparticles are used as a quencher, what effect do they have on the fluorescence of certain dyes?
When gold nanoparticles are used as a quencher, what effect do they have on the fluorescence of certain dyes?
What is one primary outcome of the coherent resonance between nanoparticles and the external optical field?
What is one primary outcome of the coherent resonance between nanoparticles and the external optical field?
What measurement is used to assess the absorption characteristics of gold nanoparticles?
What measurement is used to assess the absorption characteristics of gold nanoparticles?
What happens to the energy band gap of quantum dots (QDs) as their size increases?
What happens to the energy band gap of quantum dots (QDs) as their size increases?
What is the relationship between the emission wavelength of quantum dots and their size?
What is the relationship between the emission wavelength of quantum dots and their size?
Which statement best describes quantum size effect in quantum dots?
Which statement best describes quantum size effect in quantum dots?
What color transition occurs in the light emitted from quantum dots as they increase in size?
What color transition occurs in the light emitted from quantum dots as they increase in size?
What occurs when electrons in quantum dots return to the valence band?
What occurs when electrons in quantum dots return to the valence band?
Larger quantum dots can be excited by light that also excites which of the following?
Larger quantum dots can be excited by light that also excites which of the following?
Which of the following best describes the concept of quantum confinement in quantum dots?
Which of the following best describes the concept of quantum confinement in quantum dots?
How does the energy level of quantum dots behave with respect to size?
How does the energy level of quantum dots behave with respect to size?
What is the effect of overlapping polymer coatings during coagulation?
What is the effect of overlapping polymer coatings during coagulation?
What role does graft density of polymer ligands play in stabilizing nanoparticles?
What role does graft density of polymer ligands play in stabilizing nanoparticles?
How does PEGylation help in reducing non-specific protein binding?
How does PEGylation help in reducing non-specific protein binding?
What is a consequence of the protein corona forming on nanoparticles?
What is a consequence of the protein corona forming on nanoparticles?
What contributes to the steric exclusion effect produced by PEG in aqueous environments?
What contributes to the steric exclusion effect produced by PEG in aqueous environments?
What is the primary function of attaching poly(ethylene glycol) to nanoparticles?
What is the primary function of attaching poly(ethylene glycol) to nanoparticles?
What happens during the coagulation step as particles get closer together?
What happens during the coagulation step as particles get closer together?
What type of bond was used to graft DOX onto the chitosan skeleton?
What type of bond was used to graft DOX onto the chitosan skeleton?
What is the primary function of the Stern layer in charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
What is the primary function of the Stern layer in charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of successful surface coating for nanoparticles in aqueous medium?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of successful surface coating for nanoparticles in aqueous medium?
What effect does an increase in salt concentration have on charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
What effect does an increase in salt concentration have on charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
In the context of amphiphilic molecules, which of the following is a significant type used in drug delivery systems?
In the context of amphiphilic molecules, which of the following is a significant type used in drug delivery systems?
What is a critical component in the interaction between nanoparticles and cells?
What is a critical component in the interaction between nanoparticles and cells?
What role does electrochemically exfoliated graphene play in nanoparticle applications?
What role does electrochemically exfoliated graphene play in nanoparticle applications?
Which of the following describes a common characteristic of charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
Which of the following describes a common characteristic of charge-stabilized nanoparticles?
What is a common method for ensuring the surface functionality of nanoparticles?
What is a common method for ensuring the surface functionality of nanoparticles?
Flashcards
Lipid Nanoparticles
Lipid Nanoparticles
Tiny particles made of lipids (fats) used to deliver drugs or other molecules into the body.
Microfluidics
Microfluidics
A technique that uses small channels to control the flow of liquids and create structures, used to develop lipid nanoparticles.
Nanoparticle Fabrication
Nanoparticle Fabrication
The process of creating nanoparticles, which involves various methods like synthesis, surface engineering, and bio-functionalization.
Bottom-up Approach
Bottom-up Approach
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Self-assembling Delivery Systems
Self-assembling Delivery Systems
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Nanoparticle Surface Area
Nanoparticle Surface Area
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Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine
Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine
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COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine
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Nanoscale
Nanoscale
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Surface Atoms
Surface Atoms
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Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
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Spherical Iron Nanocrystals
Spherical Iron Nanocrystals
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1st recombinant US vaccine
1st recombinant US vaccine
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Nanoscale Drug Delivery
Nanoscale Drug Delivery
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Gold Nanoparticles
Gold Nanoparticles
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Quantum Dots
Quantum Dots
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Liposome/lipid Nanoparticles
Liposome/lipid Nanoparticles
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Nanoparticle Synthesis
Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Surface Modification
Surface Modification
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Nanomedicine Basics
Nanomedicine Basics
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Gene Delivery
Gene Delivery
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Protein Delivery
Protein Delivery
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Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
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Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Nanoparticle size and color
Nanoparticle size and color
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Red shift
Red shift
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Surface Plasmon Resonance
Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Gold nanoparticle color
Gold nanoparticle color
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Plasmon quenching
Plasmon quenching
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Size dependence of SPR
Size dependence of SPR
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UV-Vis Spectrum
UV-Vis Spectrum
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Nanoscale Drug Delivery
Nanoscale Drug Delivery
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Gold Nanoparticles
Gold Nanoparticles
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Quantum Dots
Quantum Dots
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Liposomes/Lipid Nanoparticles
Liposomes/Lipid Nanoparticles
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Nanoparticle Synthesis
Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Surface Modification
Surface Modification
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Nanomedicine Basics
Nanomedicine Basics
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Gene Delivery
Gene Delivery
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Protein Delivery
Protein Delivery
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Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
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Surface Plasmon Resonance
Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Nanoparticle Aggregation
Nanoparticle Aggregation
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Aspect Ratio (L/W)
Aspect Ratio (L/W)
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Quantum Dots (QDs)
Quantum Dots (QDs)
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Red Shift (Surface Plasmon)
Red Shift (Surface Plasmon)
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Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Semiconductor Quantum Dots
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Quantum Size Effect
Quantum Size Effect
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Energy Band Gap
Energy Band Gap
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Conduction Band
Conduction Band
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Valence Band
Valence Band
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QD Emission Color
QD Emission Color
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QD Size Dependence
QD Size Dependence
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Exciton Bohr Radius
Exciton Bohr Radius
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Amphiphilic molecules
Amphiphilic molecules
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Colloidal stability
Colloidal stability
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Surface engineering
Surface engineering
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Charge-stabilized nanoparticles
Charge-stabilized nanoparticles
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Electrical double layer
Electrical double layer
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Liposome formulation
Liposome formulation
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Stabilizing mechanism
Stabilizing mechanism
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Nanoparticle-cell interaction
Nanoparticle-cell interaction
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Polymer ligands
Polymer ligands
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Steric stabilization
Steric stabilization
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Protein corona
Protein corona
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Non-specific binding
Non-specific binding
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PEGylation
PEGylation
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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)
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Hydration
Hydration
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Nanoparticle stabilization
Nanoparticle stabilization
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Study Notes
Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems
- Nanoscale drug delivery systems are used for targeted drug delivery.
- Introduction of this new area by Richard Feynman in 1959
- Different types of nanoparticles, including gold nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots (QDs), liposomes, and lipid NPs.
- The fabrication methods for these nanoparticles include synthesis, surface modification, and various other processes.
- Key applications include nanomedicine, gene delivery, and protein delivery.
- Size-dependent properties of nanoparticles, such as the surface to volume ratio, are important factors.
- Nanoparticles exhibit different melting points based on particle size.
- Properties and techniques in surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoparticles, impacts their properties.
- LSPR size and shape dependence.
- Stability of nanoparticles in aqueous media using different coating methods such as Hydrophilic Thiol, Silica, Amphiphilic Polymer, and PEG.
- Key aspects of protein corona formation on nanoparticles due to non-specific interactions.
- PEGylation is a method for reducing non-specific protein binding.
- Different types of nanomedicine.
- Various methods used for synthesizing and fabricating nanoparticles, such as bottom-up and top-down approaches, including nanoprecipitation, spray drying, and PRINT.
- Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for gene therapy/protein delivery.
- Types of viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
- First FDA-approved gene therapy for a genetic disease.
- ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) of drugs.
- Particle size affects drug targeting and biodistribution.
- Advantages of nanoparticles for drug delivery, including enhanced bioavailability and selective drug accumulation at the target site.
- Nanoparticle design to overcome delivery barriers.
Protein Delivery
- The global protein therapeutics market reached USD 341.4 billion in 2023
- Proteins typically need to be injected due to their rapid degradation in the body.
- The first generation of protein/peptide therapeutics uses native sequences identical with naturally occurring proteins in body tissues.
- The second generation of protein/peptide therapeutics has improved properties (especially PK, biodistribution, higher specificity, efficacy and reduced side effects), including the modification of structures using chemical compounds.
- Examples of proteins (first generation) include insulin, growth hormone, and others.
- Examples of proteins/peptides (second generation) include engineered/modified versions of insulin, growth hormone, and others and monoclonal antibodies.
- Nanotechnology for protein delivery has a novel route of administration(the third generation), new formulations, and higher efficiency and safety.
- Oral delivery of insulin using nanotechnology approaches to increase absorption.
- Examples of glucose-responsive nanoparticles for insulin delivery.
- Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery.
- Methods used to deliver protein therapeutics, like liposomes for encapsulation.
- Example of nanoparticle-based treatments, such as ThermoDox®, for the treatment of refractory solid tumors.
- Advantages and applications of nanoparticulate protein delivery systems.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to nanoparticles, particularly in the context of personalized medicine and drug delivery. Test your knowledge on liposomes, nanoparticle development methods, and the role of surface engineering. Discover how nanomedicine is enhancing vaccine applications.
