28 Questions
What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a base?
Salt + H2O
What is the term for when two or more compounds join together?
Molecular or Addition Compound
What is the central atom in a coordination compound?
Metal cation
What is the term for the total number of atoms of the ligands that can coordinate to the central metal atom?
Coordination Number (C.N.)
What is the term for the ions outside the square brackets in a coordination compound?
Counter ion
Who is credited with proposing correct structures for coordination compounds containing complex ions?
Alfred Werner
What is the term for the number of bonds around the central atom in a coordination compound?
Coordination Number (C.N.)
What is the term for the direction of secondary valences in space?
Fixed position
What is the classification of a ligand that binds to the central metal atom through two atoms?
Bidentate
What is the name of the ligand that binds to the central metal atom through one atom and can bind in two different ways?
Ambidentate ligand
What is the order of naming in a complex ion?
Ligand then central metal atom
What is the classification of EDTA?
Polydentate
What is the name of the ligand that forms a ring structure with the central metal atom?
Chelating ligand
What is the order of naming in a neutral complex?
One word
What is the purpose of the Roman numeral in parentheses in the naming of a complex?
To indicate the oxidation state of the central metal ion
What is the correct way to indicate a bridging ligand in the naming of a complex?
Placing a µ- before its name
What is the name of the complex [PtCl2(NH3)2]?
Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
What is the coordination number of the central metal ion in the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2?
6
What is the ligand name for F-?
fluoro
What suffix is added to the metal name when the complex ion is negative?
ATE
What is the name of the ligand in the complex K[PtCl3NH3]?
Ammonia
What is the correct way to indicate lattice water or solvent of crystallization in the naming of a complex?
By placing a number before its name
What is the ligand name for NH2-?
amido
How are multiple ligands named in a complex ion?
In alphabetical order
What is the purpose of Greek prefixes in naming complex ions?
To indicate the number of each ligand
What is the ligand name for CO?
carbonyl
What is the ligand name for SCN-?
thiocyanato
How are complicated ligands named in complex ions?
Their name is written in parentheses
Study Notes
Coordination Chemistry
- Coordination compounds are formed by the reaction of a metal ion with surrounding molecules or ions that donate pairs of electrons to form coordinate bonds.
Simple Salts and Molecular Compounds
- Acid + Base → Salt + H2O
- Molecular or Addition Compounds: two or more compounds join together (e.g., KCl + MgCl2 + H2O → KCl.MgCl2.6H2O)
Coordination Compounds (Complexes)
- Formed by a central metal atom/ion bonded to surrounding molecules or ions (ligands)
- Examples: Fe(CN)2 + KCN → K4[Fe(CN)6]
Coordination Number (C.N.) and Ligancy
- Total number of atoms of the ligands that can coordinate to the central metal atom
- The number of bonds around the central atom
Coordination Sphere
- 1st coordination sphere: enclosed in the square brackets [...........]
- Counter ion: outside the square brackets [...........]
Werner’s Coordination Theory
- Proposed by Alfred Werner (1866 - 1919), a Swiss chemist
- He was the first inorganic chemist to win the Nobel prize
- Postulates:
- Metal ions exhibit primary and secondary valences
- Secondary valences are directed towards fixed positions in space
Ligand Classification
- Monodentate: attaches to the central metal ion through one donor atom (e.g., H2O, NH3, CO, F-, Cl-, CN-)
- Bidentate: attaches to the central metal ion through two donor atoms (e.g., Ethylenediamine, Acetylacetone)
- Polydentate: attaches to the central metal ion through three or more donor atoms (e.g., Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA))
- Bridging: attaches to two or more central metal ions (e.g., Cl-, OH-, CO, O2-)
- Ambidentate: can attach to the central metal ion through two or more different donor atoms (e.g., NO2-, SCN-)
- Flexidentate: can attach to the central metal ion through a variable number of donor atoms (e.g., EDTA)
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
-
- The name of the cation is given first, and the anion comes second
-
- In the complex ion, the name of the ligand precedes that of the central metal atom
-
- Ligand names (according to charge):
- Neutral: aqua, ammine, carbonyl, nitrosyl
- Negative: fluoro, chloro, cyano, thiocyanato
- Positive: nitrosylium, hydrazinium
-
- A Greek prefix (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa) indicates the number of each ligand
-
- If more than one ligand is present, they are named in alphabetical order
-
- If the complex ion is positive or neutral, the metal name remains as it is
-
- If the complex ion is negative, the name of the metal ends with the suffix 'ATE' (e.g., ferrate, cuprate, nickelate)
-
- A Roman numeral in parentheses indicates the oxidation state of the central metal ion
-
- Lattice water or solvent of crystallization follows the name and is preceded by the number of these groups in Arabic numbering
-
- A bridging ligand is indicated by placing a µ- before its name
Quiz on naming conventions for inorganic compounds, including anionic complexes and oxoacids, with examples of metals and their corresponding anions.
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