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Questions and Answers
What is the correct name for the acid HCl?
What is the correct name for the acid HCl?
Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a nonmetal.
Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a nonmetal.
True
What suffix change is made when naming an acid derived from an -ate ending oxyanion?
What suffix change is made when naming an acid derived from an -ate ending oxyanion?
-ic
The acid formed from the sulfite ion is called __________ acid.
The acid formed from the sulfite ion is called __________ acid.
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Match the following anions with their corresponding acid names:
Match the following anions with their corresponding acid names:
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Which of the following correctly describes how to name the acid derived from HNO₂?
Which of the following correctly describes how to name the acid derived from HNO₂?
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What prefix is added when naming an acid derived from a -ite ending oxyanion?
What prefix is added when naming an acid derived from a -ite ending oxyanion?
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The formula for sulfuric acid is H₂SO₄.
The formula for sulfuric acid is H₂SO₄.
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What prefix and suffix combination is used for an acid derived from a nonmetal without an oxyanion?
What prefix and suffix combination is used for an acid derived from a nonmetal without an oxyanion?
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The naming of an acid derived from an -ate oxyanion ends with the suffix -ite.
The naming of an acid derived from an -ate oxyanion ends with the suffix -ite.
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What is the general characteristic of acids when dissolved in water?
What is the general characteristic of acids when dissolved in water?
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Match the following acids with their corresponding anions:
Match the following acids with their corresponding anions:
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Which of the following statements about oxyacids is true?
Which of the following statements about oxyacids is true?
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Acids that do not contain an oxyanion follow a different naming convention than those that do.
Acids that do not contain an oxyanion follow a different naming convention than those that do.
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What is the name of the acid for the formula H₂SO₃?
What is the name of the acid for the formula H₂SO₃?
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If the oxyanion name ends in -ite, the acid name ends in __________ acid.
If the oxyanion name ends in -ite, the acid name ends in __________ acid.
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Which acid corresponds to the oxyanion sulfate?
Which acid corresponds to the oxyanion sulfate?
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Study Notes
Naming Acids
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Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. This is the defining characteristic of an acid.
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The naming of acids depends on whether the anion (negatively charged ion) in the acid is an oxyanion (an anion containing oxygen) or not.
Binary Acids (Non-Oxyacids)
- Binary acids contain hydrogen and one other nonmetal.
- The name of these acids starts with the prefix "hydro" followed by the base name of the nonmetal, with "-ic" added to the base, ending with the word "acid."
- Examples:
- HF (hydrogen fluoride) becomes hydrofluoric acid
- HCl (hydrogen chloride) becomes hydrochloric acid
- HBr becomes hydrobromic acid
- HI becomes hydroiodic acid
- H2S (hydrogen sulfide) becomes hydrosulfuric acid
Oxyacids
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Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal.
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Naming oxyacids is more complex, the name is based on the oxyanion present.
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-ite ending oxyanions (e.g., sulfite):
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Add the prefix "hydro"
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Change the suffix "-ite" to "-ous" to form the acid name.
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Examples:
- H₂SO₃ (hydrogen sulfite): sulfurous acid
- HNO₂ (hydrogen nitrite): nitrous acid
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-ate ending oxyanions (e.g., sulfate):
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Change the suffix "-ate" to "-ic" to form the acid name.
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Examples:
- H₂SO₄ (hydrogen sulfate): sulfuric acid
- HNO₃ (hydrogen nitrate): nitric acid
- H₃PO₄ (hydrogen phosphate): phosphoric acid
Important Considerations
- The formulas of acids often depict the acid's composition. For example, the formula for sulfuric acid is H₂SO₄, indicating the presence of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms.
- It is essential to understand the different types of anions present in the acid to correctly name the acid. Incorrectly assuming the anion present can lead to mistakes and inaccurate naming, emphasizing the importance of accurate anion identification for correct acid naming.
- Memorizing the naming conventions is vital to accurately identify and name both binary and oxyacids.
Common Anions and their Corresponding Acid Names
| Anion | Acid Name | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride | Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
| Sulfate | Sulfuric Acid | H₂SO₄ |
| Nitrite | Nitrous Acid | HNO₂ |
| Nitrate | Nitric Acid | HNO₃ |
| Phosphate | Phosphoric Acid | H₃PO₄ |
| Sulfite | Sulfurous Acid | H₂SO₃ |
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Description
Test your knowledge on how to name different types of acids, including binary acids and oxyacids. This quiz covers the rules for naming acids based on their components, helping you to understand the nuances of acid nomenclature.
