29 Questions
What does the first digit in the code represent?
The number of carbon atoms in the molecule minus one
What is the purpose of compression in aerosol manufacturing?
To liquefy the propellant at room temperature
What happens to the equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases when the liquid phase is removed from the container?
The equilibrium is reestablished between the remaining liquid and vapor phases
What is the role of the dip tube in an aerosol container?
To force the liquid phase up into the valve and out of the orifice
What is the state of fluorinated hydrocarbons at room temperature?
Gases
What is the relationship between the degree of asymmetry and the coding system?
The degree of asymmetry is represented by a single letter
What is a crucial factor in choosing a container material?
The pressure of the system
Why must metal containers for aqueous preparations be internally coated, except for stainless steel?
To resist corrosion
What is a disadvantage of using aluminum containers?
They corrode in pure water and pure ethanol
What is the purpose of adding 2-3% water to absolute ethanol when using aluminum containers?
To inhibit the attack of aluminum by ethanol
What is a characteristic of tinplate containers?
They are light, cheap, and durable
What can be added to the inside of tinplate and aluminum containers to increase resistance?
Organic materials such as epoxy, vinyl, or phenolic resins
What is the primary factor that affects the performance of an aerosol?
Nature of product concentrate and amount of propellant
What is the typical pressure range for space sprays at 21°C?
30 to 40 psig
What is the primary purpose of surfactants or emulsifiers in foam aerosols?
To enhance the emulsion of the liquefied propellant and product concentrate
What is the typical percentage of propellant in foam aerosols?
6 to 10%
Why do fluorinated hydrocarbons not dissolve in the aqueous formulation of foam aerosols?
Because they are nonpolar
What is necessary to further mix the propellant throughout the product concentrate in foam aerosols?
Shaking the package prior to use
What is the primary advantage of using stainless steel containers for aerosol applications?
They are extremely strong and resistant to corrosion
Which type of container is typically used for pharmaceutical products with lower pressure and lower percentage of propellant?
Glass containers
What is the primary function of the valve assembly in pharmaceutical aerosols?
To dispense the product in a specific form and rate
What determines the physical form of the product discharged from the actuator?
The design of the inner chamber
What is the primary limitation of using glass containers for aerosol applications?
They are limited to products with lower pressure and lower percentage of propellant
What is the purpose of the actuator in a valve assembly?
To activate the valve assembly for emission of the product
What is the primary function of a pressure-reducing valve in a compressed gas filling operation?
To reduce the pressure of the gas to a level suitable for aerosol containers
What is the purpose of shaking the container during the filling operation for certain gases?
To achieve the desired pressure in the head space of the aerosol container
What is the primary mechanism of product dispensation in a Bag on Valve (BOV) aerosol?
The product is squeezed out of the bag by the propellant
What is the purpose of the laminated aluminum bag in a BOV aerosol?
To contain the product
What is the advantage of using a pressure-reducing valve in a compressed gas filling operation?
It reduces the risk of over-pressurization of the container
Learn the rules to name organic compounds. Identify the number of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine atoms in a molecule. Understand how to designate isomers.
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