nalanda university - henley passport index
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Questions and Answers

What year did Nalanda University first admit its students?

  • 2016
  • 2018
  • 2010
  • 2014 (correct)

    • Which of the following individuals was the first Chancellor of Nalanda University?

  • Arvind Panagariya
  • Amartya Sen (correct)
  • Abhay Kumar Singh
  • George Yeo

    • Which significant architectural award did BV Doshi receive in 2018?

  • Padma Vibhushan
  • Royal Gold Medal
  • Padma Bhushan
  • Pritzker Architecture Prize (correct)

    • The East Asia Summit was established in which year?

    <p>2005</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which declaration supported the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine?

    <p>Balfour Declaration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first visitor of Nalanda University?

    <p>Pranab Mukherjee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Palestine become a non-member observer state?

    <p>2012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recognized the ruins of Nalanda University as a UN Heritage Site?

    <p>UNESCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conflicts has not occurred in the timeline of the Israel-Palestine Conflict?

    <p>Persian Gulf War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries was the first to recognize Israel as an Islamic state?

    <p>Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emperor founded Nalanda University?

    <p>Gupta Emperor Kumaragupta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in 1193 related to Nalanda?

    <p>The destruction by Bakhtiyar Khilji</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many students did I-Tsing report were studying at Nalanda during his visit?

    <p>2,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major support source for Nalanda University during its peak?

    <p>Wealth from 200 villages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who rediscovered Nalanda in 1812?

    <p>Francis Buchanan-Hamilton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During whose reign was Nalanda University most prominent?

    <p>King Harshavardhana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to Nalanda University between 455-470 AD?

    <p>It was attacked by the Hunas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these figures advocated for the return of Nalanda in 2006?

    <p>Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was the second Arab state to recognize Israel?

    <p>Jordan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable structure was founded during Emperor Skanda Gupta's reign?

    <p>The renowned Nalanda library</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Israel's Iron Dome?

    <p>Air defense against various airborne threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chinese scholar studied at Nalanda for about 5 years?

    <p>Xuanzang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agreement covers the distribution of non-tax proceeds between the union government and the states in India?

    <p>Article 270</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the Kesavananda Bharati case of 1973?

    <p>Recognition of the basic structure doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is responsible for the formation and recommendations of the Finance Commission in India?

    <p>President of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which doctrine was referred to in the case regarding the revival of Article 31C?

    <p>Doctrine of Revival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major legal challenge faced by the 25th Constitutional Amendment concerning bank nationalization?

    <p>Right to compensation was not adequately protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rivers does India have full rights to according to the Indus Water Treaty?

    <p>Ravi, Beas, Sutlej</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Stuxnet virus that was developed by the USA and Israel?

    <p>Disrupting Iran's nuclear program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Islamic group is NOT part of the Axis of Resistance as formed by Iran?

    <p>Al-Qaeda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governs the resolution mechanism for disputes between India and Pakistan over water sharing?

    <p>A three-step process involving all three entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydropower project is located on the Marusudar River?

    <p>Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Ecocide' refer to?

    <p>Killing one's home or environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was recognized as the 12th nation to define ecocide as a crime?

    <p>Belgium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major tributaries are associated with the Ganga River?

    <p>Son, Ghaghara, and Yamuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific action did India take after the Pulwama attacks in 2019 concerning water sharing?

    <p>Threatened to cut off water supplies to Pakistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Hague’s Permanent Court of Arbitration rule on India's right to divert water?

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which passport ranks 83rd in the Henley Passport Index?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Neutral Expert in the dispute resolution process?

    <p>To provide a decision if technical differences remain unresolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in 670 AD related to Nalanda University?

    <p>I-Tsing visited and reported on its students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ruler was instrumental in the restoration of Nalanda after its early 7th-century attack?

    <p>Harshavardhana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country proposed to re-establish Nalanda University in 2007?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural marvel was exclusively designed by BV Doshi for the campus of Nalanda University?

    <p>The academic buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major reason for Nalanda's decline in the 12th century?

    <p>Destruction by foreign invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with rediscovering Nalanda in the modern era?

    <p>Francis Buchanan-Hamilton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Asian countries had students studying at Nalanda during its peak?

    <p>China, Tibet, Mongolia, and Korea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established during the reign of Emperor Skanda Gupta at Nalanda?

    <p>The renowned library</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Nalanda University officially open its new campus?

    <p>2006</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Indian ruler is known to have founded Nalanda University?

    <p>Kumaragupta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Nalanda University Act come into existence?

    <p>2010</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable award did BV Doshi receive posthumously?

    <p>Padma Vibhushan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the campus of Nalanda University?

    <p>It has extensive water bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country recognized Palestine as a non-member observer state first?

    <p>United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who made the initial proposal for the East Asia Summit?

    <p>Mahathir Mohamad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which armed conflict is considered the most recent in the timeline of the Israel-Palestine conflict?

    <p>2023-present conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant facility does Nalanda University utilize for wastewater management?

    <p>Water recycling plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chancellor is currently leading Nalanda University?

    <p>Arvind Panagariya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Balfour Declaration is associated with which significant historical event?

    <p>Establishment of Israel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations has not granted Israel any form of status?

    <p>OIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Permanent Indus Commission (PIC)?

    <p>To act as a platform for dispute resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows the intervention of a Neutral Expert if disputes remain unresolved?

    <p>Court of Arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country recently recognized ecocide as a crime?

    <p>Belgium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the year 2013 in relation to the Indus Water Treaty?

    <p>The Hague’s Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled on India's water diversion rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project specifically falls under the Kiru Hydro Electric Project?

    <p>Located in Jammu &amp; Kashmir, on Chenab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did India agree to supply water to Pakistani canals from Eastern rivers according to the Transition Period?

    <p>10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Indus Water Treaty, what does 'upper riparian country' mean?

    <p>A country that has control over river water flow upstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum range of the S-400 missile shield?

    <p>600 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which passport currently ranks highest, allowing visa-free entry to the most number of countries?

    <p>Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Islamic groups is part of the Axis of Resistance formed by Iran?

    <p>Hezbollah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant environmental connection was made in 1970 by Arthur Galston?

    <p>Environmental devastation and genocide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Kesavananda Bharati case of 1973?

    <p>Constitutional amendments cannot alter the basic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many countries are known to have recognized ecocide as a crime?

    <p>12 countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant document governs the distribution of non-tax proceeds between the Union government and the states in India?

    <p>Article 270</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was the first to recognize Israel, followed by Jordan?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian body has a constitutional and quasi-judicial status under Article 280?

    <p>Finance Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the strategic aim of the Stuxnet virus developed by the USA and Israel?

    <p>To disrupt Iran's nuclear facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal provision allows governments to acquire property in relation to material resources of the community?

    <p>Article 39(b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spy agency is associated with Iran?

    <p>SAVAK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nalanda University

    • Inaugurated by PM Modi, located in Rajgir, Bihar.
    • Occupies 455 acres of land.
    • Designed by architect BV Doshi.
    • Situated 12 km from the ruins of ancient Nalanda Mahavihara.
    • Destroyed in 1193 by Bakhtiyar Khilji.
    • Founded by the Gupta Emperor Kumaragupta in 427 CE.
    • Flourished for 600 years.
    • Reached prominence during the reigns of Harshavardhana and the Palas monarchs.
    • Xuan Zang (Hiuen Tsang) studied here for 5 years.
    • I-Tsing visited in 670 AD and noted 2000 students and support from 200 villages.
    • Students from various Asian countries (China, Mongolia, Tibet, Korea).
    • Connected with the Indonesian Shailendra dynasty.
    • Site where spiritual figures like Buddha and Mahavira meditated.
    • Rediscovered by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1812).
    • Identified as an ancient university by Sir Alexander Cunningham (1861).
    • Encountered attacks (Hunas in 455-470 AD and Goudas in the early 7th century).
    • Re-established by Emperor Skanda Gupta.
    • Nalanda library founded during Skanda Gupta's reign.
    • Re-establishment advocated by figures like A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and the Singapore government.
    • Proposal endorsed by East Asia Summit in 2007-2009.
    • Nalanda University Act enacted in 2010.
    • Foundation stone for permanent campus laid in 2016, construction started 2017.
    • Participants from 17 countries.
    • First Chancellor: Amartya Sen.
    • First Visitor: Pranab Mukherjee.
    • Second Chancellor: George Yeo.
    • Current Chancellor: Arvind Panagariya.
    • Current Vice Chancellor: Abhay Kumar Singh.
    • "Net Zero" green campus with solar, water treatment, and recycling facilities.
    • Ruins declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2016).

    East Asia Summit (EAS)

    • Established in 2005 as an ASEAN-led initiative.
    • Leader-led forum in Indo-Pacific for political, security, and economic discussions.
    • First proposed by Mahathir Mohamad in 1991.
    • First summit in Kuala Lumpur (2005).
    • 18 members: 10 ASEAN countries + 8 dialogue partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States).
    • India a founding member since 2005.
    • 2019 summit in Bangkok saw India's Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) unveiled.

    Israel-Palestine Conflict

    • Palestine first applied for UN membership in 2011 becoming a non-member observer state in 2012.
    • Balfour Declaration (1917): UK support for Jewish national home in Palestine.
    • UK controlled Palestine after WWI.
    • Increased Jewish migration (1922-26).
    • British Mandate for Palestine (1923).
    • Peel Commission (1936): recommended Palestine partition.
    • UN partition plan (1947): accepted by Jews, rejected by Arabs.
    • Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1948.
    • Israel's independence declaration (May 14, 1948).
    • PLO formed in 1964.
    • PLO granted observer status by UN (1975).
    • UN recognized Palestine's right to self-determination.
    • Gaza Strip: bordered by Israel and Egypt; controlled by Egypt after partition till 1967.
    • West Bank: landlocked territory bordered by Jordan (controlled till 1967) and Israel.
    • Palestinians want East Jerusalem as capital.
    • Multiple Arab-Israeli wars (1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, 2006, 2023-present).
    • Iran-Israel conflict: Iran's revolution (1979) and enmity with US-influenced countries.
    • Recent strikes and drone attacks between Iran and Israel.
    • Israel-Iran nuclear conflicts.
    • Axis of Resistance (Iran, Hezbollah, Hamas, Houthis).
    • Israel's Iron Dome defence system.
    • India's Indrajad drone dome defence system.

    16th Finance Commission

    • Dr. Arvind Panagariya appointed chairman.
    • Constitutional/quasi-judicial body (Article 280).
    • Composition: 1 chairman + 4 members; tenure of 5 years.
    • Submits report to the President.
    • Deadline: October 31, 2025.
    • Duration: 2025-2030.
    • Revenue sharing formula uses income distance category weighting.
    • 15th FC recommended a 4% fiscal deficit of GDP.

    Indus Water Treaty

    • Signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan (Nehru & Ayub Khan).
    • Negotiated over 9 years with World Bank assistance.
    • Effective from April 1, 1960.
    • Eastern rivers to India; Western rivers to Pakistan under specific conditions (limited irrigation/power).
    • 80% water allocated to Pakistan; 20% to India.
    • Dispute resolution mechanism: Permanent Indus Commission (IPC), Neutral Expert, Court of Arbitration.
    • Recent incidents affecting treaty observance.

    Article 31C & Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

    • Article 31C, Introduced by 25th CAA, protects laws giving effect to DPSPs from fundamental rights challenges (esp. Articles 14 and 19).
    • 25th CAA addressed difficulties implementing DPSPs.
    • Banking nationalisation case (1969), SC stopped central acquisition.
    • Kesavananda Bharati case (1973): Established constitutional basic structure doctrine.
    • Specific Articles: 39(b), 39(c) of DPSP.
    • Article 39(b) focuses on community resource distribution, and 39(c) on preventing the concentration of wealth and means of production to the detriment of the collective good.
    • Minerva Mills (1980): struck down the expanded version of 31C.
    • Recent Maharashtra Housing Act case involves questions on Article 31C revival and resource implications under Article 39(b).

    Other Topics

    • Belgium recognizes ecocide as crime; one of 12 countries; first in Europe.
    • Ecocide defined.
    • Henley Passport Index: India ranks 83 out of 199, visa-free entry to 58 countries; Singapore passport ranks highest.

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    Description

    Explore the rich history of Nalanda University, inaugurated by PM Modi and located in Rajgir, Bihar. This ancient educational center flourished for 600 years and attracted students from various Asian countries, including notable scholars like Xuan Zang. Learn about its significant architectural design, historical importance, and destruction in 1193.

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