Questions and Answers
Diffuse hair loss can occur due to pyrogenic infections.
True
Brittle hair is a normal deviation caused by adequate nutrition.
False
Tinea capitis is known to cause evenly distributed hair loss.
False
Healthy hair is characterized by a silky and resilient texture.
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Full-thickness burns do not affect hair growth.
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It is normal for hair to be excessively oily or dry.
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No presence of lice or nits signifies a healthy scalp.
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Patchy hair loss is a normal phenomenon associated with aging.
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Normal nail bed color is typically bluish or purplish.
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The presence of hangnails is considered a normal finding during the inspection of nail tissues.
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A capillary refill time of more than 4 seconds is considered normal.
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Alopecia is more common in women than in men.
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Crusts and keloids are examples of primary skin lesions.
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Normal epidermis around nails indicates a healthy condition.
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Skin turgor refers to the fullness or elasticity of the skin and is indicative of hydration status.
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Hirsutism is a hair abnormality that often results from endocrine problems.
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A return of pink color in the blanch test within 2-4 seconds is abnormal.
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When assessing skin moisture, excessively dry skin is considered a normal deviation.
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A concave fingernail plate is considered a normal finding.
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Hair abnormalities cannot be influenced by medication.
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Skin temperature can be assessed by palpating the skin of the extremities.
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Nail abnormalities include clubbed fingernails, which have an angle greater than 180 degrees.
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Skin elasticity decreases with age, making skin turgor less valid in elderly individuals.
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An angle of 160 degrees between the nail and nail bed is considered a normal finding.
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Study Notes
Nail Assessment
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Inspect Nail Bed Color
- Normal: Pink to highly vascular appearance; darker skin may appear brown or black.
- Deviations: Bluish or purplish tinges; pale coloration.
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Inspect Surrounding Tissues
- Normal: Intact epidermis around nails.
- Deviations: Presence of hangnails (paronychia), inflammation of surrounding tissues.
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Perform Blanch Test/Capillary Refill Test
- Normal: Prompt return to pink or usual color within 2-4 seconds.
- Deviations: Delayed return exceeding 4 seconds indicates potential issues.
Hair Assessment
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Identify Hair Abnormalities
- Causes include drugs or endocrine dysfunctions.
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Assessing Hirsutism and Alopecia
- Hirsutism characterized by excessive hair growth.
- Alopecia more prevalent in men; associated with diffuse hair loss from aging, infections, chemical exposure, trauma, or endocrine disorders.
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Normal vs. Deviations in Hair Conditions
- Normal: Evenly distributed, thick, silky, resilient hair.
- Deviations: Patches of hair loss, brittle hair due to poor nutrition, excessively oily or dry hair, flaking, sores, or infestations (e.g., lice, nits).
Skin Assessment
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Secondary Skin Lesions
- Include crusts, kelloids, and scars.
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Skin Moisture and Temperature
- Normal: Moist skin; touch tests for temperature.
- Deviations: Excessively dry, hyperthermic (overheating), or hypothermic (cooling) skin.
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Skin Turgor Assessment
- Indicates hydration status. Pinch skin; it should return to normal state in under 3 seconds.
- Deviations: Skin remains pinched or returns slowly, signaling potential dehydration.
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Aging Consideration
- In elderly individuals, skin elasticity decreases; alternative assessments (Intake & Output, daily weight) may be necessary for hydration evaluation.
Nail Abnormalities
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Fingernail Plate Assessment
- Normal: Colorless with convex curve; angle with nail bed approximately 160 degrees.
- Deviations: Concave shape or clubbed fingernails (angle >180 degrees), often due to chronic tissue hypoxia.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the techniques for inspecting and palpating fingernails and toenails, specifically evaluating their color and surrounding tissues. It will cover normal appearances as well as deviations, aiding in understanding nail health assessment.
