Nail Disorders and Shapes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of corrugations?

Nail fungus caused by a parasite.

Horizontal wavy ridges caused by uneven growth due to illness or injuries. (correct)

Warts caused by infectious virus.

White spots on the nail caused by injury to the base of the nail.

What are furrows?

Vertical lines down the nail plate caused by nutrition, injury or illness.

What is leuconchia?

White spots on the nail caused by injury to the base of the nail.

What causes onychorrhexis?

Injury, careless filing, vitamin deficiencies, illness, and frequent exposure to strong chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What are hang nails caused by?

Dry cuticle and carelessness in removing the cuticle. Signup and view all the answers

What is onychomycosis unguium?

Nail fungus caused by a parasite. Signup and view all the answers

What is onychocryptosis?

Ingrown nail caused by filing the nail too much or tight-fitting shoes. Signup and view all the answers

What causes verruca?

Infectious virus. Signup and view all the answers

What is onycholysis?

Lifting of the nail without shedding. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five basic nail shapes?

Squoval, Round, Oval, Pointed, Square Signup and view all the answers

What is a toner used for?

Used on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors after decoloring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioning filler?

Protein conditioner that will equalize porosity and fill the holes. Signup and view all the answers

What does color filler do?

Used to replace the missing primary colors. Signup and view all the answers

What is oxidative color?

Demi-permanent and permanent color. Signup and view all the answers

What is non-oxidative color?

Temporary - physical change only. Semi-permanent. Signup and view all the answers

What is double process blonde?

Decolorizing and toning. Signup and view all the answers

What affects lightener working time?

Melanin - the more there is, the longer the process. Scalp processes faster because of body heat. Signup and view all the answers

What does lift mean in hair coloring?

Lightening by breaking up the melanin to decolorize hair. Signup and view all the answers

What does deposit mean in hair coloring?

Means that product only deposits color because it does not contain ammonia or high alkalinity necessary to lift. Signup and view all the answers

What is developer in hair coloring?

Oxidizing agent H2O2 when mixed with ammonia it will break up the melanin and give ability to lift or lighten. Signup and view all the answers

What is semi-permanent color?

Non-oxidative, temporary color, stains cuticle, fades in each shampoo. Signup and view all the answers

What is demi-permanent color?

Oxidative, deposit only, deepens or changes the tone. Signup and view all the answers

What is permanent color?

Lightens and deposits at the same time, more alkaline ingredients, penetrates the cortex, can't shampoo out. Signup and view all the answers

What are primary colors?

Red, Blue, Yellow Signup and view all the answers

What color results from an unequal combination of primary colors?

Brown. Signup and view all the answers

What results from equal parts of primary colors?

Black. Signup and view all the answers

Warm tones include ______.

Red, Orange, Yellow Signup and view all the answers

Cool tones include ______.

Blue, Green, Violet Signup and view all the answers

What are neutral tones?

Perfect combo of both cool and warm tones. Signup and view all the answers

What is eumelanin?

Brown to black pigments. Signup and view all the answers

What is pheomelanin?

Red to yellow pigments. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes coarse texture hair?

Largest diameter, greatest amount of melanin, processing time and lift is affected. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes medium texture hair?

Has a balance of melanin, typically no problems. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes fine texture hair?

Smallest diameter, least amount of melanin, more susceptible to darker drabber results, more prone to damage. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkaline wave?

AKA cold waves - ammonium thioglycolate (thio and ammonia), pH - 9.0-9.6, no tension, solution causes hair to swell, processes at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid wave?

AKA heat waves - glycerol monothioglycolate, pH - 7.8-8.2, will require heat to speed processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is endothermic?

Required added heat source. Signup and view all the answers

What is exothermic?

Self heating. Signup and view all the answers

What is croquignole?

Wrapping technique from ends to scalp, causes tighter curls on ends. Signup and view all the answers

What is a spiral wrap?

Hair is not perpendicular to rod - spiraled from top-bottom of rod. Signup and view all the answers

What is on base placement?

Hair is held 45 degrees forward. Signup and view all the answers

What is 1/2 off base placement?

Hair is held 90 degrees straight up. Signup and view all the answers

What is off base placement?

Hair is held 45 degrees backward. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nail Disorders

Corrugations: Characterized by horizontal wavy ridges on nails due to uneven growth caused by illness or injury.
Furrows: Display vertical lines on the nail plate, resulting from nutritional issues, injury, or illness.
Leuconchia: Presents as white spots on the nail, typically caused by an injury at the nail's base.
Onychorrhexis: Refers to split or brittle nails resulting from injury, poor filing habits, vitamin deficiencies, illness, or exposure to chemicals.
Hang Nails: Occur due to dry cuticles and improper cuticle removal.
Onychomycosis Unguium: A fungal nail infection that is highly contagious.
Onychocryptosis: Known as ingrown nails, often resulting from excessive filing or wearing tight shoes.
Verruca: Warts caused by infectious viruses.
Onycholysis: Describes the separation of the nail from the nail bed without complete shedding.

Nail Shapes

Basic nail shapes include squoval, round, oval, pointed, and square.

Hair Coloring Techniques

Toner: Used on pre-lightened hair to achieve lighter, delicate shades.
Conditioning Filler: A protein conditioner that equalizes porosity and fills gaps in hair.
Color Filler: Replaces missing primary colors in hair.
Oxidative Color: Includes demi-permanent and permanent hair colors.
Non-Oxidative Color: Temporary and semi-permanent color changes with no lifting ability.

Lightening and Coloring Processes

Double Process Blonde: Involves simultaneous decolorization and toning of hair.
Melanin's Effect on Lightener Working Time: Higher melanin levels require longer processing time, while the scalp processes faster due to heat.
Lift: Refers to lightening hair by breaking down melanin.
Deposit: Technique that only adds color without lifting, due to the absence of ammonia or high alkalinity.
Developer: An oxidizing agent, often H2O2, that aids in breaking down melanin for color lift.

Types of Hair Color

Permanent Color: Lightens and deposits color simultaneously, contains more alkaline ingredients, and penetrates the cortex.
Demi-Permanent Color: Deposits only, deepening or changing hair tone.
Semi-Permanent Color: Non-oxidative, temporary color that stains the cuticle and fades with each shampoo.

Color Theory

Primary Colors: Red, blue, yellow.
Brown: An unequal mix of primary colors.
Black: Formed by equal proportions of all primary colors.
Warm Tones: Include red, orange, and yellow.
Cool Tones: Comprise blue, green, and violet.
Neutral Tones: A perfect balance of warm and cool tones.
Eumelanin: Responsible for brown to black pigment.
Pheomelanin: Provides red to yellow pigment.

Hair Texture Characteristics

Coarse Texture: Largest diameter, highest melanin content, affecting processing time and lift.
Medium Texture: Balanced melanin levels, typically presents no issues.
Fine Texture: Smallest diameter, least melanin, more prone to damage and undesirable color results.

Permanent Wave Techniques

Alkaline Wave: Known as cold waves, utilizes ammonium thioglycolate with a pH of 9.0-9.6; processes at room temperature.
Acid Wave: Also called heat waves, requires added heat, with a pH of 7.8-8.2.
Endothermic: Requires an external heat source for processing.
Exothermic: Self-heating waves that generate their own heat during processing.
Croguiqnole: Wrapping technique starting from the ends to the scalp, producing tighter curls on the ends.
Spiral: Wrapping hair in a spiral direction along the rod's surface, not perpendicular to the rod.

Hair Placement Techniques

On Base Placement: Hair is positioned at a 45-degree angle forward.
1/2 Off Base Placement: Hair is held 90 degrees straight up.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various nail disorders and shapes with this informative quiz. Learn about the characteristics and causes of conditions like onychomycosis and hang nails, as well as different nail shapes. Perfect for beauty enthusiasts or students in cosmetology!