Nail Disorders and Shapes Quiz

Nail Disorders

• Corrugations: Characterized by horizontal wavy ridges on nails due to uneven growth caused by illness or injury.
• Furrows: Display vertical lines on the nail plate, resulting from nutritional issues, injury, or illness.
• Leuconchia: Presents as white spots on the nail, typically caused by an injury at the nail's base.
• Onychorrhexis: Refers to split or brittle nails resulting from injury, poor filing habits, vitamin deficiencies, illness, or exposure to chemicals.
• Hang Nails: Occur due to dry cuticles and improper cuticle removal.
• Onychomycosis Unguium: A fungal nail infection that is highly contagious.
• Onychocryptosis: Known as ingrown nails, often resulting from excessive filing or wearing tight shoes.
• Verruca: Warts caused by infectious viruses.
• Onycholysis: Describes the separation of the nail from the nail bed without complete shedding.

Nail Shapes

• Basic nail shapes include squoval, round, oval, pointed, and square.

Hair Coloring Techniques

• Toner: Used on pre-lightened hair to achieve lighter, delicate shades.
• Conditioning Filler: A protein conditioner that equalizes porosity and fills gaps in hair.
• Color Filler: Replaces missing primary colors in hair.
• Oxidative Color: Includes demi-permanent and permanent hair colors.
• Non-Oxidative Color: Temporary and semi-permanent color changes with no lifting ability.

Lightening and Coloring Processes

• Double Process Blonde: Involves simultaneous decolorization and toning of hair.
• Melanin's Effect on Lightener Working Time: Higher melanin levels require longer processing time, while the scalp processes faster due to heat.
• Lift: Refers to lightening hair by breaking down melanin.
• Deposit: Technique that only adds color without lifting, due to the absence of ammonia or high alkalinity.
• Developer: An oxidizing agent, often H2O2, that aids in breaking down melanin for color lift.

Types of Hair Color

• Permanent Color: Lightens and deposits color simultaneously, contains more alkaline ingredients, and penetrates the cortex.
• Demi-Permanent Color: Deposits only, deepening or changing hair tone.
• Semi-Permanent Color: Non-oxidative, temporary color that stains the cuticle and fades with each shampoo.

Color Theory

• Primary Colors: Red, blue, yellow.
• Brown: An unequal mix of primary colors.
• Black: Formed by equal proportions of all primary colors.
• Warm Tones: Include red, orange, and yellow.
• Cool Tones: Comprise blue, green, and violet.
• Neutral Tones: A perfect balance of warm and cool tones.
• Eumelanin: Responsible for brown to black pigment.
• Pheomelanin: Provides red to yellow pigment.

Hair Texture Characteristics

• Coarse Texture: Largest diameter, highest melanin content, affecting processing time and lift.
• Medium Texture: Balanced melanin levels, typically presents no issues.
• Fine Texture: Smallest diameter, least melanin, more prone to damage and undesirable color results.

Permanent Wave Techniques

• Alkaline Wave: Known as cold waves, utilizes ammonium thioglycolate with a pH of 9.0-9.6; processes at room temperature.
• Acid Wave: Also called heat waves, requires added heat, with a pH of 7.8-8.2.
• Endothermic: Requires an external heat source for processing.
• Exothermic: Self-heating waves that generate their own heat during processing.
• Croguiqnole: Wrapping technique starting from the ends to the scalp, producing tighter curls on the ends.
• Spiral: Wrapping hair in a spiral direction along the rod's surface, not perpendicular to the rod.

Hair Placement Techniques

• On Base Placement: Hair is positioned at a 45-degree angle forward.
• 1/2 Off Base Placement: Hair is held 90 degrees straight up.

Test your knowledge on various nail disorders and shapes with this informative quiz. Learn about the characteristics and causes of conditions like onychomycosis and hang nails, as well as different nail shapes. Perfect for beauty enthusiasts or students in cosmetology!