MYP IV Physics Practice: Skiing and Graphs

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Questions and Answers

What does Newton's second law state about the net force acting on an object?

  • It is proportional to its mass alone.
  • It is proportional to its acceleration. (correct)
  • It does not affect the object's motion.
  • It is proportional to its velocity.

The net force acting on Hamza while skiing will cause his speed to decrease.

False (B)

What is the displacement of Hamza in the first 5 seconds of his journey?

60 m

Hamza's acceleration at time t = 8.0 s is _____ m/s².

<p>-2.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forces with their descriptions:

<p>Weight (W) = The force due to gravity acting on Hamza Normal Force (N) = The perpendicular force exerted by surfaces against Hamza</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what time did Hamza start traveling back down the embankment?

<p>14 s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hamza's speed increases at a constant rate when he is accelerating downhill.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gradient formula used to determine acceleration from a velocity-time graph?

<p>a = Δv / Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the paperclip in the student's experiment?

<p>To attach the cardboard to the balloon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balloon must sink if the upthrust is less than its weight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument does the student use to measure the mass of the string, paperclip, and cardboard?

<p>balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of the house in the movie 'Up' is __________ kg.

<p>5000</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a single helium balloon provides an upthrust of 10 N, how much upthrust is required to lift the house in 'Up'?

<p>4900 N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The upward acceleration of the house indicates that the net force is zero.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the number of balloons required if each balloon provides an upthrust of 30 N and the total upthrust needed is 490 N.

<p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in an explanation for each video related to forces?

<p>The names of forces being applied (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's laws of motion do not apply to animated characters in videos.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the research question for investigating the effect of drop height on a ball's velocity of impact?

<p>How does changing the drop height of a ball affect its velocity of impact?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dependent variable in the experiment?

<p>Velocity of impact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial velocity of the ball must be kept constant and equal to a non-zero value.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the drop height of the ball increases, its velocity at impact will __________.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kinematics equation is applied in this experiment to relate initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, and distance covered?

<p>(final velocity)^2 = (initial velocity)^2 + 2 * acceleration * distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Velocity = The speed of something in a given direction Acceleration = The rate of change of velocity Newton's First Law = An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force Newton's Second Law = The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ball is released from a height of ______ cm to investigate the effect on its velocity at impact.

<p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dropping a ball, which factor does NOT affect the velocity of impact?

<p>Color of the ball (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity over time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a justification for keeping the initial velocity of the ball at zero?

<p>It isolates the effect of height on velocity at impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the control variables with their justifications:

<p>Initial velocity = Must be zero to isolate height's effect Mass of the ball = Affects air resistance and velocity Height of release = Manipulated to see impact effect Type of ball = May alter performance and resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does increasing drop height have on the velocity of a falling object?

<p>It increases the velocity of impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What equipment is needed to measure the velocity of the ball at the bottom?

<p>Photogate/Light gate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Safety precautions should include moving fragile objects away from the experiment area.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the independent variable in the investigation about the effect of mass on a spring's oscillation time period?

<p>Mass on the spring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hypothesis states that increasing the mass on a spring will decrease the time period of the oscillation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two relevant control variables when investigating the velocity of a ball at impact?

<p>Drop height and initial velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The density of sea water is _____ kg m-3.

<p>1,025</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their classifications:

<p>Independent Variable = Mass of the ball or hanging mass Dependent Variable = Velocity at impact or Time period Control Variable 1 = Drop height or Initial Velocity Control Variable 2 = Initial Velocity or Drop height</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between mass and time period for a spring?

<p>Directly proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Dead Sea is being threatened due to a rapid loss of water because it is fed by the River Jordan.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss one advantage of pumping water from the Red Sea into the Dead Sea.

<p>It could help stabilize the water levels in the Dead Sea and prevent further ecological damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Upthrust

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.

Drag force

The force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid.

Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object's mass.

Net force

The sum of all forces acting on an object.

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Resultant force

The force that causes an object to accelerate.

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Equilibrium

A state where the net force on an object is zero, meaning the object is not accelerating.

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Volume of displaced fluid

The mass of the fluid displaced by an object submerged in it.

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Specific gravity

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water.

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Friction

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. friction always acts in the opposite direction of motion.

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Gravity

The force that pulls objects down towards the earth's center. Gravity acts on all objects with mass.

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Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity. Acceleration describes how quickly an object's velocity changes.

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Velocity

The rate at which an object changes its position. Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (speed) and direction.

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Normal Force

A force that acts perpendicular to a surface, preventing an object from passing through it.

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Displacement

The change in position of an object from its starting point.

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Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is directly proportional to its acceleration and its mass.

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Velocity-Time Graph

A line graph that depicts the change in velocity of an object over time.

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Area Under Velocity-Time Graph

The area under the curve of a velocity-time graph represents the displacement of an object.

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Vector

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

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Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. It is the cause in a cause-and-effect relationship.

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Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured in an experiment. It is the effect in a cause-and-effect relationship.

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Control Variables

Variables that stay constant throughout the experiment to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are directly due to the independent variable.

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Initial Height of the Ball

The initial height from which the ball is released in an experiment.

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Velocity of Impact

The speed at which the ball hits the ground in an experiment.

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Accuracy of Data

The process of ensuring that all measurements are accurate and reliable to avoid errors.

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Methodology

Steps involved in conducting the experiment including materials, procedures and data collection.

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Safety Precautions

Measures taken to ensure the safety of the experimenter and the environment during an experiment.

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Hypothesis

A testable prediction about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

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Experiment

A method used to systematically test a hypothesis by manipulating the independent variable and observing the dependent variable.

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Time period of oscillation

The time it takes for a complete oscillation, which is one full back-and-forth movement of a mass on a spring.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in motion.

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Study Notes

IB Middle Years Physics Practice Questions

  • Grade: MYP IV
  • Total Points: 93
  • Authors: Taimur Abbas

Task 3 - Skiing Scenario

  • Q 1.1: Label the weight (W) and normal force (N) acting on a skier.
  • Q 1.2: Show the resultant force acting on the skier on a diagram copy.
  • Q 1.3: Describe the effect of the resultant force on the skier's motion, referencing Newton's second law. (Net force causes acceleration; increasing speed downhill).

Task 3 - Velocity-Time Graph

  • Q 1.4: Determine the acceleration at time t = 8.0 s. (Use the gradient formula: acceleration = (change in velocity) / (change in time). For example using points (6, 12) and (11, 0) for calculation).
  • Q 1.5: Calculate the displacement in the first 5 seconds. (Use the area under the velocity-time graph using suitable segments).
  • Q 1.6: State the time the skier started travelling back down the embankment. (Identify the point on the graph where the velocity becomes negative).

Cartoon Analysis

  • Video Clip Analysis: The provided text discusses an experimental design, relating the film "UP" and calculations for floating objects. Questions ask for forces on balloons, calculating net force and upthrust.

Section 4 - Ball Drop Investigation

  • Q 3.1: State a research question about the effect of changing the drop height of a ball on its velocity of impact. (Example: How does changing the drop height of a ball affect its velocity of impact?)
  • Q 3.2: Formulate a hypothesis using scientific reasoning. (Example: If the drop height of the ball increases, its velocity at impact will also increase).
  • Q 3.3: Design an experiment. Include independent (drop height), dependent (impact velocity), control variables (initial velocity, ball mass/shape), and method (measurements, repeating procedure).
  • Q 3.4: Propose a second investigation, to determine another effect for the ball at impact. The new research question could be "How does changing the mass of the ball affect its velocity at impact?". Control variables would include drop height and initial velocity.

Task 3 - Spring Investigation

  • Q 4.1: Design an experiment to investigate the effect of mass on the time period of oscillation. Include independent variable (mass), dependent variable (time period). Control variables (spring stiffness, initial displacement). Describe method.

Task 5 - Dead Sea Scheme

  • Q 5.1: Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of pumping water from the Red Sea into the Dead Sea (Example: Advantages: raising the Dead Sea water level; Disadvantages: potential disruption of water resources elsewhere).
  • Q 5.2: Calculate the volume of water pumped into the Dead Sea. (Use formula. density = mass/volume)
  • Q 5.3: Convert the Dead Sea surface area to m². (Units conversion, Example: 1 km² = 1000² m²)
  • Q 5.4: Calculate the level rise of the Dead Sea yearly. (Assume no other losses).
  • Q 5.5: Evaluate the scheme's effectiveness, considering the rise rate compared to the natural decrease rate. (Compare these values to understand, whether pumping works or not).

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