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Which of the following personality types is MOST likely to prefer a job in a mountainous state, based on the provided content?
Which of the following personality types is MOST likely to prefer a job in a mountainous state, based on the provided content?
Which of the following personality tests is NOT mentioned in the provided content as potentially used for screening job applicants?
Which of the following personality tests is NOT mentioned in the provided content as potentially used for screening job applicants?
Which of the following personality traits is correlated with the "Intuitive" preference in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
Which of the following personality traits is correlated with the "Intuitive" preference in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
What was Katherine Briggs's initial motivation for developing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
What was Katherine Briggs's initial motivation for developing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
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Based on the content, which of the following is NOT a potential ethical concern regarding the use of personality assessment in hiring?
Based on the content, which of the following is NOT a potential ethical concern regarding the use of personality assessment in hiring?
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Which of the following personality traits is NOT directly linked to a preference in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as described in the content?
Which of the following personality traits is NOT directly linked to a preference in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as described in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a potential use for personality tests in hiring as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential use for personality tests in hiring as mentioned in the text?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as explained in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as explained in the text?
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What is one of the major issues with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
What is one of the major issues with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
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What does the text suggest about the consistency of MBTI results over time?
What does the text suggest about the consistency of MBTI results over time?
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Which of the following personality trait is not mentioned as a criticism of the MBTI test?
Which of the following personality trait is not mentioned as a criticism of the MBTI test?
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Why does the text mention that the median score of a trait can change based on the sample pool?
Why does the text mention that the median score of a trait can change based on the sample pool?
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Which statement best reflects the text's overall perspective on the validity of the MBTI?
Which statement best reflects the text's overall perspective on the validity of the MBTI?
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What two personality traits are most likely to gradually increase from young adulthood to middle age?
What two personality traits are most likely to gradually increase from young adulthood to middle age?
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Which of the following is considered a core personality trait that changes over time?
Which of the following is considered a core personality trait that changes over time?
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What is the term used to describe the average level of a personality trait within a population?
What is the term used to describe the average level of a personality trait within a population?
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According to the provided content, how do perceptions of change during college compare to actual changes?
According to the provided content, how do perceptions of change during college compare to actual changes?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality stability?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality stability?
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What does the research on self-esteem suggest about its development?
What does the research on self-esteem suggest about its development?
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Which of the following is considered a methodological approach for assessing personality stability?
Which of the following is considered a methodological approach for assessing personality stability?
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What is the main conclusion about personality change in the longitudinal college study mentioned in the content?
What is the main conclusion about personality change in the longitudinal college study mentioned in the content?
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What is the argument made by situationists?
What is the argument made by situationists?
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What is the key concept behind the idea of 'person x situation interaction'?
What is the key concept behind the idea of 'person x situation interaction'?
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Which of these is an example of 'situational specificity'?
Which of these is an example of 'situational specificity'?
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What is a characteristic of a 'strong situation'?
What is a characteristic of a 'strong situation'?
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Which of these is an example of the concept of 'situational selection'?
Which of these is an example of the concept of 'situational selection'?
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How does the frequent use of social media apps relate to personality traits?
How does the frequent use of social media apps relate to personality traits?
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What does the text suggest about the potential for active personality change?
What does the text suggest about the potential for active personality change?
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Which aspect of personality is most directly related to consistent behavior over time?
Which aspect of personality is most directly related to consistent behavior over time?
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How might someone with a high level of conscientiousness manipulate their environment?
How might someone with a high level of conscientiousness manipulate their environment?
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Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of 'evocation' in personality?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of 'evocation' in personality?
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What is the primary principle of the 'person-environment fit' theory?
What is the primary principle of the 'person-environment fit' theory?
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What is an example of how a person might manipulate their environment?
What is an example of how a person might manipulate their environment?
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Which of the following best exemplifies a 'match' or 'congruence' between a person's personality and their environment?
Which of the following best exemplifies a 'match' or 'congruence' between a person's personality and their environment?
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What is the primary function of the three mechanisms – selection, evocation, and manipulation – within the context of personality and environment?
What is the primary function of the three mechanisms – selection, evocation, and manipulation – within the context of personality and environment?
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How does the text define 'manipulation' in the context of personality and environment?
How does the text define 'manipulation' in the context of personality and environment?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment fulfilling an individual's need?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment fulfilling an individual's need?
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What is the primary focus of the provided text?
What is the primary focus of the provided text?
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What is the main implication of the study of 'rank-order stability' in relation to personality?
What is the main implication of the study of 'rank-order stability' in relation to personality?
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What is the primary contributing factor to extreme personality changes?
What is the primary contributing factor to extreme personality changes?
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What is meant by 'personality coherence' in the context of the text?
What is meant by 'personality coherence' in the context of the text?
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Based on the text, which of the following personality traits is most likely to show significant change over the lifespan?
Based on the text, which of the following personality traits is most likely to show significant change over the lifespan?
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What is the key takeaway regarding the 'volitional personality change' mentioned in the text?
What is the key takeaway regarding the 'volitional personality change' mentioned in the text?
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Which of these scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of personality coherence as described in the text?
Which of these scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of personality coherence as described in the text?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about personality stability and change?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about personality stability and change?
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Flashcards
Person-situation interaction
Person-situation interaction
The concept that both personal traits and situational factors influence behavior.
Situational specificity
Situational specificity
The idea that specific situations can trigger behaviors that are atypical for an individual.
Strong situations
Strong situations
Situations that elicit similar behaviors from most people due to clear expectations.
Weak situations
Weak situations
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Trait psychologists
Trait psychologists
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Situationists
Situationists
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Person-environment fit
Person-environment fit
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Mechanisms of interaction
Mechanisms of interaction
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Evocation
Evocation
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Neuroticism Responses
Neuroticism Responses
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Narcissism Engagement
Narcissism Engagement
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Manipulation
Manipulation
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Selection
Selection
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Extroverted Situations
Extroverted Situations
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Introverted Needs
Introverted Needs
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Binary typecasting in MBTI
Binary typecasting in MBTI
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Dimensional vs Categorical
Dimensional vs Categorical
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Test-retest reliability
Test-retest reliability
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Neuroticism in MBTI
Neuroticism in MBTI
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Predictive validity of MBTI
Predictive validity of MBTI
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Job Fit
Job Fit
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Personality Tests
Personality Tests
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Extraversion
Extraversion
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Introversion
Introversion
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
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Sensing vs. Intuition
Sensing vs. Intuition
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Thinking vs. Feeling
Thinking vs. Feeling
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Judging vs. Perceiving
Judging vs. Perceiving
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Phineas Gage
Phineas Gage
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Frontal Lobe Effects
Frontal Lobe Effects
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Kent Cochrane
Kent Cochrane
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Mean-level change
Mean-level change
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Rank-order stability
Rank-order stability
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Personality Coherence
Personality Coherence
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Volitional Personality Change
Volitional Personality Change
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Extraversion Evidence
Extraversion Evidence
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Stability in Personality
Stability in Personality
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Sensation-Seeking Peak
Sensation-Seeking Peak
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Self-Esteem Decline
Self-Esteem Decline
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Recovery in Self-Esteem
Recovery in Self-Esteem
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Big Five Personality Traits
Big Five Personality Traits
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Overestimated Change
Overestimated Change
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Extreme Changes in Personality
Extreme Changes in Personality
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Study Notes
Personality in Space & Time
- Personality is influenced by both individual traits and situational factors.
- Situationists believe behavior varies across situations, while trait psychologists assume consistency.
- Person-situation interactionism means personality and situation interact to influence behavior.
- Situational specificity means certain situations might provoke behavior out of character for an individual.
- Strong situations lead to similar behavior from most people, while weak situations allow personality to have a greater influence.
- Mechanisms of interaction include situational selection (choosing situations based on personality), evocation (certain traits evoking specific responses), and manipulation (intentional attempts to influence behavior).
Personality Across Situations
- Situationalists argue behavior varies across situations and that situational differences determine behavior.
- If situations control behavior, then traits may be irrelevant.
- Trait psychologists assume cross-situational consistency.
Integration (Interactionism)
- Person-situation interaction: personality and situation interact to produce behavior.
Behavior
- Behavior = f(Person x Situation)
Situational Specificity
- Certain situations can evoke behavior that might be out of character for an individual.
- People act differently in different circumstances.
Strong Situations
- Situations where most people behave similarly.
Weak Situations
- Situations where personality has a greater influence on behavior.
Mechanisms of Interaction
- Situational selection: choosing situations based on personality traits.
- Evocation: personality traits that may naturally evoke specific responses from others.
- Manipulation: ways in which people intentionally influence behavior or alter environments.
Do You "Fit" Your Environment
- Theory of person-environment fit: certain environments/situations complement specific traits and characteristics.
- Might motivate selecting specific situations or others.
Some Environments Require Specific Traits
- Some environments require specific traits to make the environment "fit" the individual.
Choosing the Right Person for the Job
- Personality tests used increasingly for job applicants.
- Examples are police officers, sales positions, etc.
- Tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Personality Inventory, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator are used.
- Ethical concerns about using personality tests in hiring (biases).
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- Self-report assessment of personality.
- Designed to identify psychological preferences for perceiving the world and making decisions.
- Developed by Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers.
Katherine Briggs
- Teacher interested in predicting best student career paths.
- Used Carl Jung's 8 psychological types.
Problems with MBTI
- "Types" approach assumes large differences between types, which isn't always the case.
- Some people don't fit neatly into the categories.
Aggregation
- Averaging several observations to get a better measure of personality traits.
- Averaging behavior across situations/over time.
Practical Example
- Rating current happiness levels (not necessarily reflecting true personality).
"Density Distribution" of States
- Traits are indicated by more frequent state intensities (e.g., happy people report happiness more often).
Personality Change
- Exploring personality stability and change over time.
Dunedin Study (New Zealand, 2003)
- Long-term study of 1000 three-year-olds.
- Examined five temperamental types.
Personality Change: 2 Key Qualities
- Internal changes: within a person.
- Enduring changes: long-lasting, not temporary.
Studying Personality Change
- Rank order: person's position in group.
- Change: person's trait relative to others.
Personality Change: Sensation-Seeking
- Peaks in late adolescence (16-20).
- Decreases with age.
Personality Change: Self-Esteem
- Daily fluctuations in self-esteem vary among individuals.
- Self-esteem often declines during adolescence, particularly for girls.
Personality Change: The Big Five
- Gradual increases in agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and social dominance in adulthood.
- Openness and other aspects of extraversion gradually decline.
Big Five Dimensions
- Mean-level change: average level changes over time.
- Rank-order stability: relative position in group.
Are Extreme Changes Possible?
- People tend to overestimate how much they've changed.
- While some change happens, it's generally not extreme.
Personality Coherence
- Predictable changes in personality over time, even if underlying characteristics are relatively stable.
Specific Behaviors are Changeable
- Specific behaviors, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, values, and social roles are often mutable.
- Examples include jobs and romantic relationships that affect emotional stability.
Volitional Personality Change
- Evidence suggests personality can be changed.
- Examples include setting intentional goals and using mindfulness to reduce anxiety.
Psychedelics as Agents of Change
- Psychedelics may reduce antisocial tendencies.
- Reported benefits include emotional regulation.
Interventions
- Students in 16-week interventions reporting changes in personality.
- Biggest results often tied to changing extraversion.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and its application in job assessments. This quiz includes questions about personality types, ethical concerns, and the origins of the indicator. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand this popular psychological tool!