42 Questions
What is the primary cause of myelodysplasia?
Abnormal neural tube closure
Which type of myelodysplasia is characterized by a protrusion of the spinal cord, CSF, and meninges through a vertebral opening?
Myelomeningocele
What is the most severe form of myelodysplasia?
Myeloschisis
What is the name of the form of myelodysplasia where the spinal cord is not involved and only CSF and meninges protrude through an abnormal vertebral opening?
Meningocele
What is the primary effect of myelodysplasia on the nervous system?
Lower motor neuron dysfunction
What is the usual site of spina bifida occulta?
L5-S1
What is a potential activity limitation in individuals with spina bifida?
Decreased mobility and transfers
What is the primary prevention strategy for neural tube defects?
Folic acid supplementation periconceptually
What is the approximate incidence of neural tube defects in the US per 10,000 births in 2006?
3.05 per 10,000
What is a possible complication associated with spina bifida?
Contractures
Which of the following is NOT a complication of neural tube defects?
Cancer
What is the main goal of physical therapy intervention for individuals with spina bifida?
To teach compensatory patterns of movement
What is a type of spina bifida characterized by a sac of fluid present at the gap in the spine?
Meningocele
What is the typical diagnosis time for neural tube defects?
18 weeks gestation
What is a potential management strategy for individuals with spina bifida?
Surgery to close the neural sac
What is the primary effect of lesion levels on postural deviations and contractures in neural tube defects?
Higher lesion levels result in more severe contractures
What is a characteristic of spina bifida occulta?
No or only mild signs
What is the recommended approach for shoulder girdle management in individuals with neural tube defects?
Conservative management with regular monitoring
What is the characteristic posture of a person with a sacral level spinal defect?
Crouched standing with calcaneal valgus malalignment
What is the potential consequence of inadequate vitamin and folic acid intake during pregnancy?
Increased risk of neural tube defects
What is the common comorbidity associated with a spinal defect at the sacral level?
Hydrocephalus
What is the presenting symptom of shunt malfunction in a person with hydrocephalus?
Headache, irritability, and fever
What is the characteristic feature of a spinal defect at the lumbar level?
Increased lumbar lordosis
What is the progressive symptom of tethered cord syndrome?
Progressive loss of strength or sensation in lower extremities
What is the primary goal of physical therapy intervention for individuals with torticollis?
To prevent limitations and deformity by repositioning to facilitate symmetrical movement and head shaping
What is a potential activity limitation in individuals with torticollis?
Prefer to turn head to one side
What is the name of the type of torticollis characterized by a thickening or lump in the affected muscle?
Congenital Muscular Torticollis
When is physical therapy most effective in resolving torticollis?
When initiated in early infancy
What is a potential consequence of untreated torticollis?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of positional torticollis?
Baby's position when sleeping on back
What is the primary cause of the abnormal position of the head and neck in infants with torticollis?
Tightness in the sternocleidomastoid on one side of the neck
What is the characteristic of the postural type of torticollis?
A postural preference of the head and neck without limitations to PROM and without a nodule in the muscle
What is the incidence of cranial deformity in infants with congenital muscular torticollis?
90.1%
What is the characteristic behavior of an infant with torticollis?
They become fussy when you try to change the position of their head or when placed on their tummy
What is the effect of muscle tightness on the facial features of an infant with torticollis?
It can cause the cheek to appear fuller on one side and one eye to be more open
What is the name of the type of torticollis that is characterized by a palpable nodule or fibrous bands in the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
SCM Nodule
What is theorized to result from uterine constraint perpetuated postnatally with preferential supine position on flat area of the skull?
Congenital Muscular Torticollis
What is a risk factor for developing Congenital Muscular Torticollis?
Male gender
What is a potential consequence of inadequate treatment of Congenital Muscular Torticollis?
Increased risk of craniofacial asymmetry
At what age does the incidence of Congenital Muscular Torticollis typically decrease?
4 months
What is a common associated condition of Congenital Muscular Torticollis?
Mandibular asymmetry
What may help prevent Congenital Deformities?
Earlier motor skill achievements
Learn about myelodysplasia, a birth defect that occurs when the spinal cord doesn't close during pregnancy. Understand the causes, types, and characteristics of spina bifida, including meningocele and its effects on physical and intellectual abilities.
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