Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of Rhizoctonia spp. in orchid mycorrhizae?
What is the primary role of Rhizoctonia spp. in orchid mycorrhizae?
- They help orchids absorb water more efficiently.
- They provide structural support to orchid roots.
- They protect orchids from fungal diseases.
- They break down organic matter, providing essential nutrients to orchids. (correct)
What is a key structural feature of arbutoid mycorrhizae that differentiates them from ectomycorrhizae?
What is a key structural feature of arbutoid mycorrhizae that differentiates them from ectomycorrhizae?
- The formation of Hartig net within the host's root cortex.
- The formation of arbuscules within the root cells.
- The absence of a hyphal sheath around the root tips.
- The presence of intracellular hyphae that penetrate root cells. (correct)
Which of the following is NOT an example of a host plant for arbutoid mycorrhizae?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a host plant for arbutoid mycorrhizae?
- Rhododendron ponticum (Rhododendron).
- Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone)
- Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) (correct)
- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry)
Which type of mycorrhizae plays a crucial role in the establishment and growth of forest trees?
Which type of mycorrhizae plays a crucial role in the establishment and growth of forest trees?
How do mycorrhizal inoculants contribute to sustainable agriculture?
How do mycorrhizal inoculants contribute to sustainable agriculture?
Which application of mycorrhizal fungi involves improving the growth and health of ornamental plants in nurseries?
Which application of mycorrhizal fungi involves improving the growth and health of ornamental plants in nurseries?
Mycorrhizal fungi are used in reforestation projects to benefit which aspect of tree seedling growth?
Mycorrhizal fungi are used in reforestation projects to benefit which aspect of tree seedling growth?
Which type of plants are unlikely to form mycorrhizal associations?
Which type of plants are unlikely to form mycorrhizal associations?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arbutoid mycorrhizae?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arbutoid mycorrhizae?
What is the primary function of pelotons in orchid mycorrhizae?
What is the primary function of pelotons in orchid mycorrhizae?
In the context of sustainable agriculture, how do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to nutrient management?
In the context of sustainable agriculture, how do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to nutrient management?
Which of the following mycorrhizal associations is NOT primarily focused on enhancing nutrient uptake for the host plant?
Which of the following mycorrhizal associations is NOT primarily focused on enhancing nutrient uptake for the host plant?
To improve the establishment and growth of forest trees in reforestation projects, which type of mycorrhizae is most commonly used?
To improve the establishment and growth of forest trees in reforestation projects, which type of mycorrhizae is most commonly used?
What is the primary difference between arbutoid mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae?
What is the primary difference between arbutoid mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae?
Which of the following is a common example of an orchid mycorrhizal fungus?
Which of the following is a common example of an orchid mycorrhizal fungus?
How do mycorrhizal inoculants benefit nursery-grown ornamental plants like roses?
How do mycorrhizal inoculants benefit nursery-grown ornamental plants like roses?
Flashcards
Orchid Mycorrhizae
Orchid Mycorrhizae
Fungi that form associations with orchid roots, crucial for seed germination and early growth.
Pelotons
Pelotons
Coiled hyphal structures that develop within the root cells of orchids as part of mycorrhizal associations.
Rhizoctonia spp.
Rhizoctonia spp.
Common fungi involved in mycorrhizal associations with various orchid species, aiding nutrient provision.
Ceratobasidium cornigerum
Ceratobasidium cornigerum
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Arbutoid Mycorrhizae
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae
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Hyphal Sheath
Hyphal Sheath
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Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture
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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
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Orchidaceae Family
Orchidaceae Family
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Intracellular Hyphae
Intracellular Hyphae
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
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Ectomycorrhizal Associations
Ectomycorrhizal Associations
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Nutrient Uptake
Nutrient Uptake
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Soil Stabilization
Soil Stabilization
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Mycorrhizal Inoculants
Mycorrhizal Inoculants
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Study Notes
Orchid Mycorrhizae
- Orchid mycorrhizal fungi form associations with orchid roots.
- These fungi are essential for orchid seed germination and early development, as orchid seeds lack sufficient nutrient reserves.
- Coiled hyphal structures (pelotons) form within orchid root cells.
- Orchids are from the Orchidaceae family.
- Common fungi include Rhizoctonia spp., providing essential nutrients for growth.
- Another fungus associated with orchids is Ceratobasidium cornigerum.
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae
- These mycorrhizae resemble ectomycorrhizae but are specifically associated with plant families like Ericaceae.
- They form a dense hyphal sheath around roots, penetrating root cells.
- The hyphal sheath surrounds the root tips.
- Intracellular hyphae form coils or pelotons within root cells.
- Host plants include Arbutus and Arctostaphylos, such as Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone) and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry).
- These associations enhance nutrient uptake and soil stabilization.
Applications in Agriculture
- Sustainable Agriculture: Mycorrhizae reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
- Example: Inoculating maize with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces phosphorus fertilizer needs, supporting sustainable crop production and reducing environmental impact.
- Horticulture: Mycorrhizal inoculants improve ornamental plant growth and health, including disease resistance.
- Example: Application to nursery-grown roses (Rosa spp.) enhances their establishment, growth, and resistance to soil-borne diseases.
- Forestry: Mycorrhizae are critical for establishing and growing forest trees, used in reforestation and afforestation:
- Example: Ectomycorrhizal fungi improve the survival and growth of tree seedlings in degraded lands, aiding forest regeneration and ecosystem recovery.
- Crop Production: Mycorrhizae enhance growth and yield of crops like maize, wheat, rice, and legumes.
- Example: Inoculating wheat with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves nutrient uptake and grain yield, enhancing overall crop productivity and food security.
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