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Questions and Answers
What type of mycorrhizae are fungi that belong to genus Glomus?
What type of mycorrhizae are fungi that belong to genus Glomus?
Which of the following cyanobacteria lives in symbiotic association with the free floating water fern Azolla?
Which of the following cyanobacteria lives in symbiotic association with the free floating water fern Azolla?
What is the primary role of microbes in the context of biofertilisers?
What is the primary role of microbes in the context of biofertilisers?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a household product made with the help of microbes?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a household product made with the help of microbes?
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What is the primary input into a biogas plant?
What is the primary input into a biogas plant?
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Which of the following is an example of a biocontrol agent?
Which of the following is an example of a biocontrol agent?
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What is the primary function of microbes in sewage treatment?
What is the primary function of microbes in sewage treatment?
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Which type of microbes are typically found in extreme habitats like deep-sea hydrothermal vents?
Which type of microbes are typically found in extreme habitats like deep-sea hydrothermal vents?
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What is the term for the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter?
What is the term for the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter?
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Which of the following is an example of a microbial ecosystem?
Which of the following is an example of a microbial ecosystem?
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What is the role of microbes in wastewater treatment?
What is the role of microbes in wastewater treatment?
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Which type of microbe is responsible for breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen?
Which type of microbe is responsible for breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen?
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What is the primary purpose of measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in wastewater treatment?
What is the primary purpose of measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in wastewater treatment?
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Why is it important to reduce the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of wastewater during treatment?
Why is it important to reduce the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of wastewater during treatment?
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What is the primary role of microorganisms in the BOD test?
What is the primary role of microorganisms in the BOD test?
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What is the purpose of the settling tank in the secondary sewage treatment process?
What is the purpose of the settling tank in the secondary sewage treatment process?
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What type of microorganisms are found in the 'flocs' that settle in the secondary sewage treatment process?
What type of microorganisms are found in the 'flocs' that settle in the secondary sewage treatment process?
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What is the final product of the secondary sewage treatment process?
What is the final product of the secondary sewage treatment process?
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What is the primary function of fungi that belong to genus Glomus?
What is the primary function of fungi that belong to genus Glomus?
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Which type of microbe is responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with the free floating water fern Azolla?
Which type of microbe is responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with the free floating water fern Azolla?
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What type of products are made with the help of microbes in industrial settings?
What type of products are made with the help of microbes in industrial settings?
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What is the primary output of a biogas plant?
What is the primary output of a biogas plant?
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What type of molecules are produced by microbes in industrial settings?
What type of molecules are produced by microbes in industrial settings?
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What is the characteristic of undistilled alcohols?
What is the characteristic of undistilled alcohols?
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What is the meaning of the term 'anti' in the context of antibiotics?
What is the meaning of the term 'anti' in the context of antibiotics?
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Which type of organism is used as a biocontrol agent?
Which type of organism is used as a biocontrol agent?
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Who discovered the full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic?
Who discovered the full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic?
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What is the name of the mold that produces penicillin?
What is the name of the mold that produces penicillin?
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What is the primary function of antibiotics?
What is the primary function of antibiotics?
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What is the origin of the word 'antibiotics'?
What is the origin of the word 'antibiotics'?
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What is the mode of action of statins, which are used as blood-cholesterol lowering agents?
What is the mode of action of statins, which are used as blood-cholesterol lowering agents?
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What is the primary purpose of sewage treatment plants?
What is the primary purpose of sewage treatment plants?
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What type of microorganisms are used in sewage treatment plants?
What type of microorganisms are used in sewage treatment plants?
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What is the role of Cyclosporin A in pharmaceutical applications?
What is the role of Cyclosporin A in pharmaceutical applications?
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Which of the following microorganisms produces Cyclosporin A?
Which of the following microorganisms produces Cyclosporin A?
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What is the role of Monascus purpureus in pharmaceutical applications?
What is the role of Monascus purpureus in pharmaceutical applications?
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Study Notes
Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microbes are tiny living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye and are present in the human body, soil, water, and air.
Microbes in Household Products
- Microbes are used in the production of curd, cheese, idli, dosa, bread, and toddy.
- Examples of fermented beverages include rum, brandy, wine, and beer.
Microbes in Industrial Products
- Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by some microbes that can kill or inhibit the growth of other disease-causing microbes.
- Antibiotics were discovered by Alexander Fleming and were found to be produced by the mould Penicillium notatum.
- Ernst Chain and Howard Florey found the full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic.
- Microbes are used in the production of fermented beverages, chemicals (organic acids), and antibiotics.
- Bioactive molecules such as enzymes, cyclosporin A, and statins are produced by microbes.
Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- Untreated sewage pollutes water bodies, causing aquatic animals to die, making water unfit for use, and spreading water-borne diseases.
- Sewage treatment plants use heterotrophic microbes to treat sewage, reducing the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of wastewater.
- The process of sewage treatment is divided into primary and secondary treatment.
- Primary treatment involves physical removal of solid waste, while secondary treatment involves the use of microbes to break down organic matter.
- The effluent from the aeration tank is sent to a settling tank, where the bacterial 'flocs' sediment, and the clean supernatant is the treated effluent.
Microbes as Biofertilisers
- Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, making them useful as biofertilisers.
- Examples of cyanobacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen include Anabaena, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria.
- Anabaena azollae lives in symbiotic association with the free floating water fern Azolla and fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
Microbes in Biogas Production
- Microbes are used in the production of biogas from cow dung and water.
- The biogas plant consists of a digester, where the microbial fermentation takes place, and a slurry tank, where the remaining sludge is collected.
Biocontrol Agents
- Biocontrol agents are living organisms that can control pests and diseases.
- Examples of biocontrol agents include viruses, fungi, bacteria, and animals.
- Baculovirus is a virus that can control pests, while Trichoderma is a fungus that can control diseases.
- Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that can control pests, and ladybird and dragonfly are animals that can control pests.
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Description
Test your knowledge of mycorrhizae, including ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae, and their role in plant nutrition. Learn about the importance of microbes as biofertilizers, including cyanobacteria. Assess your understanding of these microbiological concepts.
