Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characteristic distinguishes dimorphic fungi from other fungi?
What characteristic distinguishes dimorphic fungi from other fungi?
- They can photosynthesize.
- They can exist in two different forms depending on temperature. (correct)
- They reproduce exclusively through spores.
- They lack a cell wall.
Which of the following is an example of a polymorphic fungi?
Which of the following is an example of a polymorphic fungi?
- Coccidioides
- Penicillium (correct)
- Histoplasma
- Sporothrix
What is one notable method for diagnosing fungal diseases?
What is one notable method for diagnosing fungal diseases?
- Blood culture
- Ultrasound imaging
- Serological testing
- Microscopic examination (correct)
Which of the following best describes eukaryotic organisms like fungi?
Which of the following best describes eukaryotic organisms like fungi?
Which condition is associated with subcutaneous mycoses?
Which condition is associated with subcutaneous mycoses?
Which of the following characteristics describes Black Piedra?
Which of the following characteristics describes Black Piedra?
Which fungi is associated with causing White Piedra?
Which fungi is associated with causing White Piedra?
What type of infection source is attributed to the geophilic category?
What type of infection source is attributed to the geophilic category?
What distinguishes the nodules of White Piedra from those of Black Piedra?
What distinguishes the nodules of White Piedra from those of Black Piedra?
Which type of diagnostic features are utilized to identify White Piedra microscopically?
Which type of diagnostic features are utilized to identify White Piedra microscopically?
Which Trichophyton species causes the severe type of Tinea capitis known as T.favosa?
Which Trichophyton species causes the severe type of Tinea capitis known as T.favosa?
What is the primary characteristic of the nodules found in Black Piedra?
What is the primary characteristic of the nodules found in Black Piedra?
What shape do yellow rose gardener's granules typically resemble?
What shape do yellow rose gardener's granules typically resemble?
What type of organism typically causes anthropophilic infections?
What type of organism typically causes anthropophilic infections?
What is the incubation period for culturing suspected T. mentagrophyte in sterile hair?
What is the incubation period for culturing suspected T. mentagrophyte in sterile hair?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the mold form of Sporothrix schenckii at room temperature?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the mold form of Sporothrix schenckii at room temperature?
What test provides a positive result through the observation of V shaped perforations in hair shafts?
What test provides a positive result through the observation of V shaped perforations in hair shafts?
What type of fungal forms are expected for Sporothrix schenckii during lab diagnosis?
What type of fungal forms are expected for Sporothrix schenckii during lab diagnosis?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii?
What is the common manifestation of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?
What is the common manifestation of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?
What type of MOT (Mode of Transmission) is associated with Sporothrix schenckii?
What type of MOT (Mode of Transmission) is associated with Sporothrix schenckii?
What is the primary causative agent of rhinosporidiosis?
What is the primary causative agent of rhinosporidiosis?
Which form of the causative agent of rhinosporidiosis is present at room temperature?
Which form of the causative agent of rhinosporidiosis is present at room temperature?
What diagnostic feature is indicative of the rhinosporidiosis pathogen when observed under a microscope?
What diagnostic feature is indicative of the rhinosporidiosis pathogen when observed under a microscope?
What symptom is commonly associated with rhinosporidiosis?
What symptom is commonly associated with rhinosporidiosis?
Which of the following describes the 'Mariner’s wheel appearance' observed in rhinosporidiosis?
Which of the following describes the 'Mariner’s wheel appearance' observed in rhinosporidiosis?
Rhinosporidiosis can cause granulomatous ulcers primarily located in which area?
Rhinosporidiosis can cause granulomatous ulcers primarily located in which area?
Which of the following tests is used in the exoantigen test for rhinosporidiosis?
Which of the following tests is used in the exoantigen test for rhinosporidiosis?
Coccidioidomycosis is also known as which of the following?
Coccidioidomycosis is also known as which of the following?
What characterizes a positive result when incubating C.albicans at 42C?
What characterizes a positive result when incubating C.albicans at 42C?
What is a key differentiating feature between C.albicans and C.dubliniensis?
What is a key differentiating feature between C.albicans and C.dubliniensis?
Which type of patients are most at risk for opportunistic mycosis?
Which type of patients are most at risk for opportunistic mycosis?
What indicates that a cell is a germ tube?
What indicates that a cell is a germ tube?
Which of the following is NOT associated with candidiasis?
Which of the following is NOT associated with candidiasis?
What type of fungi typically causes opportunistic mycosis?
What type of fungi typically causes opportunistic mycosis?
What distinguishing feature do Candida colonies display on BAP?
What distinguishing feature do Candida colonies display on BAP?
Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for the development of opportunistic mycosis?
Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for the development of opportunistic mycosis?
Study Notes
Mycology
- Study of fungi (also known as thallophytes).
- Eukaryotic, plant-like organisms lacking stems and roots.
- Heterotrophs.
Fungi Phases
- Polymorphic fungi exist in multiple forms and structures.
- Dimorphic fungi have two phases depending on temperature: yeast-like at 37°C (body temperature) and mold-like at 25°C (room temperature). Dimorphic fungi are usually pathogenic. Examples include Sporothrix, Paracoccidioides, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Talaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei), and Coccidioides.
Subcutaneous Mycoses
-
Rose Gardener's Disease (Sporotrichosis): Caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Transmitted via skin puncture or inhalation. Presents as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Mold form shows flowerette microconidia, yeast form is cigar-shaped.
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Lobomycosis: Information not provided.
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Mycetoma: Characterized by sinus tracts and bone involvement. Diagnosed by the presence of pigmented or non-pigmented granules in lesions.
Dermatophytes (Trichophyton)
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes: velvety and cottony colonies.
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton violaceum are also mentioned.
- Dermatophytes can be anthropophilic (human source), zoophilic (animal source), or geophilic (environmental source).
- Trichophyton tonsurans: rare macroconidia, balloon-shaped microconidia, suede-like colonies lacking red pigment. Hair perforation test positive (V-shaped perforation).
- Tinea capitis: fungal infection affecting the scalp. Tinea favosa is a severe form causing permanent alopecia.
Piedra
- Black piedra: pigmented, hard, firmly attached nodules; asci with ascospores and chlamydoconidia.
- White piedra: less pigmented, slightly soft or mucilaginous, not firmly attached nodules; blastoconidia and arthroconidia.
Systemic Mycoses
- Primarily caused by dimorphic fungi.
- Acquired through inhalation of spores.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma dubliniensis mold forms are germ tube positive.
- Infection of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) can affect monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow tissues.
- Room temperature: tuberculate macroconidia.
- Body temperature: small budding yeast cells (intracellular).
Opportunistic Mycoses
- Fungal infections in immunocompromised or debilitated patients (e.g., cancer, AIDS patients).
- Caused by usually non-pathogenic saprophytic fungi.
- Neutropenia is a significant risk factor.
Candidiasis
- Associated with moniliasis, thrush, mycotic vulvovaginitis, Candida perionychia, and Candida endocarditis.
- Candida grows in ordinary culture media, including blood agar plates (BAP), with "foot-like" or pedicle appearance on the colony's side.
- Candida albicans grows at 42°C; Candida dubliniensis does not.
- Germ tube test: absence of constriction at the base indicates a germ tube; presence of constriction indicates it’s not a germ tube.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (dimorphic fungus).
- Mold form (room temperature): chlamydoconidia and microconidia.
- Yeast form (body temperature): multiple buds ("mariner's wheel appearance") and "Mickey Mouse cap" structures.
- Exoantigen test: bands 1, 2, 3.
- Manifestations include TB-like pulmonary infection, suppurative and granulomatous ulcers of mucosal areas (e.g., nasopharynx).
Coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever)
- Information not provided in detail beyond the name and alternative name.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Diseases
- Microscopic examination: Direct examination of specimens.
- Culture: Growing fungi in the laboratory.
- Tests: Specific tests such as exoantigen tests (e.g., for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis). Hair perforation tests (for Trichophyton species).
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of mycology with this quiz covering the study of fungi, their phases, and significant fungal diseases. Learn about polymorphic and dimorphic fungi, as well as specific conditions like sporotrichosis and mycetoma. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these essential organisms.
