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Questions and Answers
Which morphological term describes a filamentous multicellular fungus?
Which morphological term describes a filamentous multicellular fungus?
What is a common characteristic of hyphae in molds?
What is a common characteristic of hyphae in molds?
Which fungal infection is classified as superficial?
Which fungal infection is classified as superficial?
Which of the following is an etiological agent of Pityriasis versicolor?
Which of the following is an etiological agent of Pityriasis versicolor?
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What form of growth can be exhibited by Histoplasma capsulatum?
What form of growth can be exhibited by Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Which type of fungal infection tends to occur deeper than superficial mycoses?
Which type of fungal infection tends to occur deeper than superficial mycoses?
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Tinea Nigra is contracted through which method?
Tinea Nigra is contracted through which method?
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Which of the following fungi is considered opportunistic?
Which of the following fungi is considered opportunistic?
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What is the primary cause of White Piedra?
What is the primary cause of White Piedra?
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Which of the following describes the appearance of Black Piedra?
Which of the following describes the appearance of Black Piedra?
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What is the typical transmission route for White Piedra?
What is the typical transmission route for White Piedra?
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What fungal genus is responsible for causing Tinea pedis?
What fungal genus is responsible for causing Tinea pedis?
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What is a common characteristic of dermatophytoses?
What is a common characteristic of dermatophytoses?
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Which condition requires shaving the affected areas to treat the infection?
Which condition requires shaving the affected areas to treat the infection?
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Sporothrix schenckii is associated with which disease?
Sporothrix schenckii is associated with which disease?
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Mycetoma can lead to severe consequences. Which of the following is a potential outcome of this condition?
Mycetoma can lead to severe consequences. Which of the following is a potential outcome of this condition?
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What is true about opportunistic mycoses?
What is true about opportunistic mycoses?
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Which fungal species is associated with fungal balls in the lungs?
Which fungal species is associated with fungal balls in the lungs?
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What characteristics are observed in Candida albicans?
What characteristics are observed in Candida albicans?
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What is a common infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?
What is a common infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?
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Which of the following conditions is primarily caused by exposure to fungal spores?
Which of the following conditions is primarily caused by exposure to fungal spores?
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What percentage of nosocomial fungal infections is attributed to Candida albicans?
What percentage of nosocomial fungal infections is attributed to Candida albicans?
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What is an emerging strain of Candida that is becoming more common in certain regions?
What is an emerging strain of Candida that is becoming more common in certain regions?
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What condition results from Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) infection?
What condition results from Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) infection?
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Study Notes
Medical Mycology Overview
- Mycology is the study of fungi
- Fungi are used in medicine (penicillin), food (wine, cheese, mushrooms)
- Fungal infections are more difficult to treat than bacterial infections due to fungal proximity to humans.
Fungal Morphology
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Mold (mould): A filamentous, multicellular fungus
- Tubular structure with a chitin wall
- Can be septated or non-septated
- Grow at tips.
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Yeast: A unicellular fungus
Fungal Infections
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Superficial: Affecting the outer layers of skin/hair
- Pityriasis versicolor: Hyper/hypo pigmentation, caused by Malassezia furfur
- Tinea nigra: Dark macules caused by Hortaea werneckii
- White piedra: White nodules around hair strands caused by Trichosporon spp
- Black piedra: Hard nodules around hair strands caused by Piedraia hortae
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Cutaneous: Skin, hair, nails
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Dermatophytosis(ringworm): Inflamed, red ring lesions, caused by 39 species in Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.
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Condition is facilitated by moisture, sweating and chaffing of the skin
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Subcutaneous: Underneath the skin
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Sporotrichosis (rose-gardener's disease): Caused by Sporothrix schenckii, enters through skin contact, and causes a nodule that can spread to lymph nodes
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Mycetoma: A tumor-like disease of the hand or foot, caused by chronic fungal infection
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Systemic: Throughout the body
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Thermal dimorphism: Restricted to certain regions, soil is normal habitat, infection by spore inhalation (lung infections)
- Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioidomycosis brasiliensis
Opportunistic Mycoses
- Infections affecting people with weakened immune systems.
- Candida albicans: Normal flora, but can cause infection in immunocompromised (mouth, vagina, throat, skin).
- Cryptococcus neoformans: AIDS, cancer, and diabetes patients, can infect the brain.
- Aspergillus fumigatus: Inhalation can cause infections in the lungs, eyes, and brain.
- Pneumocystis jiroveci: Most prominent infection in AIDS patients.
Antifungal Treatments
- Antifungal classes and mechanisms of action are listed in the text.
Fungal Diseases
- Farmer's lung: Allergy to moldy grasses
- Teakicker's lung: Exposure to moldy sugarcane dust.
- Bagassosis: Exposure to moldy sugarcane
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Medical Mycology, focusing on the study of fungi and their applications in medicine and food. It also explores the different types of fungi and their associated infections, including superficial and cutaneous fungal conditions. Test your knowledge of fungal morphology and infection characteristics!
