Medical Mycology Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which morphological term describes a filamentous multicellular fungus?

  • Mold (correct)
  • Pleiomorphic
  • Yeast
  • Dimorphic

What is a common characteristic of hyphae in molds?

  • Bacterial in nature
  • Contain a hard wall of chitin (correct)
  • Unicellular structure
  • Non-septated only

Which fungal infection is classified as superficial?

  • Candidiasis
  • Tinea Nigra (correct)
  • Aspergillosis
  • Histoplasmosis

Which of the following is an etiological agent of Pityriasis versicolor?

<p>Malassezia furfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of growth can be exhibited by Histoplasma capsulatum?

<p>Dimorphic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungal infection tends to occur deeper than superficial mycoses?

<p>Cutaneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tinea Nigra is contracted through which method?

<p>Traumatic inoculation into the epidermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungi is considered opportunistic?

<p>Candida albicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of White Piedra?

<p>Trichosporon spp. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the appearance of Black Piedra?

<p>Small hard nodules surrounding the hair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical transmission route for White Piedra?

<p>Using shared hair brushes or combs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fungal genus is responsible for causing Tinea pedis?

<p>Trichophyton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of dermatophytoses?

<p>Strictly confined to keratinized epidermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires shaving the affected areas to treat the infection?

<p>Black Piedra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sporothrix schenckii is associated with which disease?

<p>Sporotrichosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mycetoma can lead to severe consequences. Which of the following is a potential outcome of this condition?

<p>Tumor-like growths on limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about opportunistic mycoses?

<p>They are often linked to underlying health conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal species is associated with fungal balls in the lungs?

<p>Aspergillus fumigatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are observed in Candida albicans?

<p>It can form both pseudohyphae and true hyphae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

<p>Cryptococcosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily caused by exposure to fungal spores?

<p>Farmer's lung (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nosocomial fungal infections is attributed to Candida albicans?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an emerging strain of Candida that is becoming more common in certain regions?

<p>Candida auris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) infection?

<p>Pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Mycology?

The study of fungi, encompassing their genetic and biochemical properties, taxonomy, uses for humans, and dangers associated with them, including infections.

What is a Mold?

A filamentous, multicellular fungus characterized by tube-like strands called hyphae, which are tubular with a chitin wall and can be septated or non-septated.

What is a Yeast?

A unicellular fungus.

What is a Dimorphic fungus?

A fungus that can grow in both mold and yeast forms depending on environmental conditions.

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What is Pityriasis Versicolor?

A superficial mycosis caused by Malassezia furfur, characterized by small hypo or hyperpigmented macules that can be raised and covered by a fine scale.

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What is Tinea Nigra?

A superficial mycosis caused by Hortaea werneckii, characterized by a solitary, irregular, pigmented macule, typically on the palms or soles.

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What are Superficial Mycoses?

Fungal infections that affect only the outermost layers of the skin and hair.

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What is Sporotrichosis?

A subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii, characterized by lesions that can spread along lymphatic vessels.

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Systemic Mycosis

A fungal infection that occurs only in certain geographic locations and is typically contracted through inhaling spores.

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Thermal Dimorphism

A type of fungus that can change its shape depending on the environment, existing in two forms: a mold-like form in the environment and a yeast-like form in the body.

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Opportunistic Mycosis

A fungal infection that occurs in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who have undergone certain medical procedures, often in hospital settings.

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Candida Albicans

A yeast that is a common part of the human body's normal flora, but can cause infections when conditions are right.

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Pulmonary Infections

A type of fungal infection that occurs when spores are inhaled, often causing lung issues.

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Fungal Allergies

An allergy caused by inhaling fungal spores, leading to respiratory issues like asthma or chronic lung disease.

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Antifungal Treatments

A group of drugs used to treat fungal infections, targeting different aspects of fungal growth and replication.

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Echinocandins

A type of antifungal treatment that targets a specific enzyme involved in fungal cell wall synthesis, disrupting its growth.

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White Piedra

Caused by Trichosporon spp.. Characterized by white to brown swelling around the hair strand. Often spread through shared hair brushes or combs.

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Black Piedra

Caused by Piedraia hortae. Creates small, hard nodules that encase the hair shaft. Requires shaving to remove the fungus.

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Dermatophytoses (Ringworm)

Fungal infections confined to the keratinized epidermis (skin, hair, nails). Includes various species like Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Classified based on location: scalp, body, groin, feet, and nails.

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Tinea Capitis

Infections of the scalp and hair-bearing regions of the head. May lead to hair loss.

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Tinea Corporis

Ringworm of the body, characterized by inflamed, red ring lesions.

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Tinea Cruris

Infection of the groin and scrotal regions, known as 'jock itch'.

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Subcutaneous Mycoses

Fungal infection that invades the skin deeper than dermatophytoses, affecting traumatized areas. Less common than dermatophytoses and can cause destructive lesions.

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Sporotrichosis (Rose-Gardener's disease)

A common saprophyte fungus that decomposes plant matter. Causes skin nodules that spread to nearby lymph nodes. Often associated with gardening activities.

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Study Notes

Medical Mycology Overview

  • Mycology is the study of fungi
  • Fungi are used in medicine (penicillin), food (wine, cheese, mushrooms)
  • Fungal infections are more difficult to treat than bacterial infections due to fungal proximity to humans.

Fungal Morphology

  • Mold (mould): A filamentous, multicellular fungus

    • Tubular structure with a chitin wall
    • Can be septated or non-septated
    • Grow at tips.

  • Yeast: A unicellular fungus

Fungal Infections

  • Superficial: Affecting the outer layers of skin/hair

    • Pityriasis versicolor: Hyper/hypo pigmentation, caused by Malassezia furfur
    • Tinea nigra: Dark macules caused by Hortaea werneckii
    • White piedra: White nodules around hair strands caused by Trichosporon spp
    • Black piedra: Hard nodules around hair strands caused by Piedraia hortae

  • Cutaneous: Skin, hair, nails

  • Dermatophytosis(ringworm): Inflamed, red ring lesions, caused by 39 species in Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.

  • Condition is facilitated by moisture, sweating and chaffing of the skin

  • Subcutaneous: Underneath the skin

  • Sporotrichosis (rose-gardener's disease): Caused by Sporothrix schenckii, enters through skin contact, and causes a nodule that can spread to lymph nodes

  • Mycetoma: A tumor-like disease of the hand or foot, caused by chronic fungal infection

  • Systemic: Throughout the body

  • Thermal dimorphism: Restricted to certain regions, soil is normal habitat, infection by spore inhalation (lung infections)

    • Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioidomycosis brasiliensis

Opportunistic Mycoses

  • Infections affecting people with weakened immune systems.
    • Candida albicans: Normal flora, but can cause infection in immunocompromised (mouth, vagina, throat, skin).
    • Cryptococcus neoformans: AIDS, cancer, and diabetes patients, can infect the brain.
    • Aspergillus fumigatus: Inhalation can cause infections in the lungs, eyes, and brain.
    • Pneumocystis jiroveci: Most prominent infection in AIDS patients.

Antifungal Treatments

  • Antifungal classes and mechanisms of action are listed in the text.

Fungal Diseases

  • Farmer's lung: Allergy to moldy grasses
  • Teakicker's lung: Exposure to moldy sugarcane dust.
  • Bagassosis: Exposure to moldy sugarcane

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Medical Mycology PDF

Description

This quiz covers the basics of Medical Mycology, focusing on the study of fungi and their applications in medicine and food. It also explores the different types of fungi and their associated infections, including superficial and cutaneous fungal conditions. Test your knowledge of fungal morphology and infection characteristics!

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