Mycology and Fungal Infections Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the common habitat of subcutaneous fungi?

Soil and vegetation

What is the causative agent of Sporotrichosis?

Sporothrix schenckii

How does Sporothrix schenckii enter the skin?

Through trauma or a prick by a thorn

What is the characteristic of the lesions of Sporotrichosis?

They are granulomatous and slowly expanding Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic tool for Sporotrichosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cell walls of Chromoblastomycosis causative agents?

They are melanized Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Chromoblastomycosis lesions?

They resemble cauliflower warts Signup and view all the answers

How do Chromoblastomycosis infections occur?

Through skin puncture and trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining the retina with an ophthalmoscope in suspected systemic candidiasis?

To visualize fungal patches in the retina Signup and view all the answers

Which species of Cryptococcus is widespread and more common?

Cryptococcus neoformans Signup and view all the answers

How is Cryptococcal meningitis typically diagnosed?

Cerebrospinal fluid stain with India ink stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the toxin produced by Aspergillus?

Aflatoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Aspergillus growth in a lung cavity?

Aspergilloma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Aspergillus infection in immunocompromised hosts?

Invasive pneumonias and disseminated disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Cryptococcus in nature?

Found in pigeon droppings Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of hypersensitivity reaction occurring in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)?

Type 1 hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Coccidioides immitis?

Soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of oral thrush?

Patches of creamy white exudate with a reddish base Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Histoplasma capsulatum?

Soil and guano Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Candida vaginitis?

Vaginal itching and discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Rotten wood and soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of nappy rash?

Red and macerated skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of Candida in immunocompromised patients?

Disseminated infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of valley fever?

Fever, malaise, cough, arthralgia, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chromoblastomycosis lesions?

Induce hyperplasia of the epidermal tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method for chromoblastomycosis?

Add potassium hydroxide (KOH) to the lesion and examine under a microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of basidiobolomycosis?

Basidiobolus ranarum Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of systemic fungi infections?

They are dimorphic fungi Signup and view all the answers

How are systemic fungi infections acquired?

Through inhalation of spores from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease mechanism of systemic fungi infections?

They are similar to tuberculosis, with local infection in the lung followed by bloodstream dissemination Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the antigenic preparations of systemic fungi infections?

They cause a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of systemic fungi infections?

Asymptomatic or mild respiratory illnesses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungal Infections

Subcutaneous Fungi

Sporotrichosis:
- Caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a thermal dimorphic fungus
- Found in soil and on plants, commonly affecting gardeners
- Enters skin through trauma or injury, causing granulomatous and ulcerative lesions
Chromoblastomycosis:
- Caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and Cladosporium carrionii
- Characterized by violet-colored wartlike lesions on the skin, resembling cauliflower
- Diagnosed by scraping the lesion and adding potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Basidiobolomycosis:
- Caused by Basidiobolus ranarum
- Causes chronic subcutaneous infections on the trunk and limbs
- Can be misdiagnosed with cancer and inflammatory bowel disease

Systemic Fungi

Coccidioidomycosis:
- Caused by Coccidioides immitis
- Acquired through inhalation of spores in soil
- Can cause asymptomatic to severe lung infections, with symptoms including fever, cough, and chest X-ray infiltrates
Histoplasmosis:
- Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum
- Found in soil and guano (bird excrement)
- Can cause asymptomatic to severe lung infections, with symptoms including fever, malaise, and cough
Blastomycosis:
- Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Found in soil and rotten wood
- Can cause chronic disseminated disease with weight loss, night sweats, lung involvement, and skin ulcers

Opportunistic Fungi

Candidiasis:
- Caused by Candida albicans
- Can cause oral thrush, vaginitis, and nappy rash in normal hosts
- Can cause disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, including esophagitis and fungemia
Cryptococcosis:
- Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
- Found in pigeon droppings and soil
- Can cause meningitis, pneumonia, skin ulcers, and bone lesions in immunocompromised patients
Aspergillosis:
- Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus
- Can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, and invasive aspergillosis
- Can produce aflatoxin, a toxin that can cause liver damage and cancer

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