Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is mycology the study of?
What is mycology the study of?
- Bacteria
- Fungi (correct)
- Algae
- Viruses
Which of the following fungi produces pseudohyphae?
Which of the following fungi produces pseudohyphae?
- Saccharomyces cerviciae
- Aspergillus spp.
- Candida albicans (correct)
- Histoplasma capsulatum
What form does Histoplasma capsulatum take at room temperature?
What form does Histoplasma capsulatum take at room temperature?
- Bacterial colony
- Mould (correct)
- Spore
- Yeast
Who is regarded as the father of medical mycology?
Who is regarded as the father of medical mycology?
For standard autoclaving, what precaution must be taken?
For standard autoclaving, what precaution must be taken?
What is a common characteristic of filamentous fungi?
What is a common characteristic of filamentous fungi?
Which specimen would NOT typically be collected for fungal infection identification?
Which specimen would NOT typically be collected for fungal infection identification?
What is the primary technique used for direct microscopic investigation of fungal specimens?
What is the primary technique used for direct microscopic investigation of fungal specimens?
Which of the following is NOT a category of fungi based on morphology?
Which of the following is NOT a category of fungi based on morphology?
What safety precaution should be maintained during fungal isolation in the lab?
What safety precaution should be maintained during fungal isolation in the lab?
What is the primary purpose of using Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) in the laboratory?
What is the primary purpose of using Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) in the laboratory?
Which of the following fungi are known to grow at 37°C?
Which of the following fungi are known to grow at 37°C?
What technique is used for isolating yeast from a specimen?
What technique is used for isolating yeast from a specimen?
Which component of Lactophenol cotton blue is responsible for staining chitin in fungal cell walls?
Which component of Lactophenol cotton blue is responsible for staining chitin in fungal cell walls?
What is the role of phenol in the Lactophenol solution?
What is the role of phenol in the Lactophenol solution?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Lactophenol?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Lactophenol?
What is the typical pH range of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar, which helps inhibit bacterial growth?
What is the typical pH range of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar, which helps inhibit bacterial growth?
Which of the following stains can be used to observe fungi in a specimen?
Which of the following stains can be used to observe fungi in a specimen?
What essential function does lactic acid serve in the Lactophenol cotton blue preparation?
What essential function does lactic acid serve in the Lactophenol cotton blue preparation?
Which of the following parts of the fungal specimen is typically observed using direct microscopy with KOH preparation?
Which of the following parts of the fungal specimen is typically observed using direct microscopy with KOH preparation?
What is the characteristic feature of glaborous fungal colonies?
What is the characteristic feature of glaborous fungal colonies?
Which of the following fungi are classified as rapid growers?
Which of the following fungi are classified as rapid growers?
What is meant by 'reverse pigmentation' in fungi?
What is meant by 'reverse pigmentation' in fungi?
Which term describes colonies that have radial grooves from the center to the edge?
Which term describes colonies that have radial grooves from the center to the edge?
Slow-growing fungi may take how long to produce colonies?
Slow-growing fungi may take how long to produce colonies?
Which of the following terms accurately describes a colony that appears velvety?
Which of the following terms accurately describes a colony that appears velvety?
What is a defining feature of yeast-like colonies?
What is a defining feature of yeast-like colonies?
What type of fungi are categorized as intermediate growers?
What type of fungi are categorized as intermediate growers?
What type of pigmentation characterizes hyaline fungi?
What type of pigmentation characterizes hyaline fungi?
Which characteristic best describes granular colonies?
Which characteristic best describes granular colonies?
Flashcards
Mycology
Mycology
The study of fungi.
Fungal infection
Fungal infection
A disease caused by a fungus invading plant or animal tissue.
Moulds (Molds)
Moulds (Molds)
Filamentous fungi (made of hyphae).
Yeasts
Yeasts
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Yeast-like fungi
Yeast-like fungi
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Dimorphic fungi
Dimorphic fungi
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Specimen collection
Specimen collection
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Fungal media
Fungal media
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Incubation conditions
Incubation conditions
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KOH wet mount
KOH wet mount
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Fungal Growth Rate
Fungal Growth Rate
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Rapid Growers
Rapid Growers
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Intermediate Growers
Intermediate Growers
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Slow Growers
Slow Growers
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Surface Pigmentation
Surface Pigmentation
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Reverse Pigmentation
Reverse Pigmentation
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Hyaline Fungi
Hyaline Fungi
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Dematiaceous Fungi
Dematiaceous Fungi
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Colony Texture
Colony Texture
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Colony Topography
Colony Topography
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Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA)
Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA)
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Fungal Culture Techniques
Fungal Culture Techniques
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Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)
Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)
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Methyl Blue
Methyl Blue
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Lactophenol
Lactophenol
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Fungal Culture Materials
Fungal Culture Materials
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Yeast Culture
Yeast Culture
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Streaking Technique
Streaking Technique
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Microscopic Slide Prep.
Microscopic Slide Prep.
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Study Notes
Basic Microbiology - Practical No. 7: Isolation and Identification of Fungal Infection
- Intended Learning Objectives (ILOs):
- Introduce common fungal media
- Introduce inoculation and incubation techniques
- Introduce fungal growth characteristics
- Introduce wet mount KOH and Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) techniques
Precautions
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment
- Maintain aseptic conditions
- Select the correct autoclave settings (avoid over or under sterilization)
Introduction/Background
-
Mycology is the study of fungi.
-
Fungi can infect plants and animals.
-
Raymond Sabouraud was a pioneer in medical mycology, his work focused on dermatophytic fungi, which is a type of fungus that infects skin and nails.
-
Fungi are classified into four categories based on their morphology:
- Moulds: Filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus spp.)
- Yeasts: Single-celled fungi (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Yeast-like: Fungi similar to yeasts that produce pseudohyphae (e.g., Candida albicans)*
- Dimorphic: Fungi that can exist as either yeasts or moulds depending on environmental conditions (e.g., Histoplasma capsulatum)
-
Fungal specimen collection depends on the site of infection, including hair, skin, nail clippings, sputum, blood, and biopsy specimens.
Fungal Culture Techniques
- Moulds: Samples are placed in sterile petri dishes using a sterile scalpel.
- Yeasts: Streaking techniques are used for yeast isolation.
Direct Microscopy (KOH Wet Mount)
- This technique is used for specimens like skin, hair, and nails, and some body fluids to detect fungal infections.
Staining Techniques
- Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB): Used to examine fungal cell structure. LPCB contains phenol, lactic acid, and glycerol. Phenol kills microorganisms, lactic acid preserves fungal structures, and glycerol inhibits cellulolytic activity. Methyl blue stains chitin in fungal cell walls, making them visible.
- Gram Stain: Used to observe fungi, along with LPCB.
Practical Procedure (Part One: Culture of Fungal Specimen)
- Materials: Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and a loop
- Procedure: Students culture yeast samples using streaking techniques on SDA and observe results.
Practical Procedure Part Two: Staining of fungi (LPCB and Gram Staining)
- Materials: 1 glass slide
- Procedure: Observe the prepared slide using Microscopy and note your observations.
Results (Week 5): Record Fungal Morphology
- Students should record their observations of yeast and mould samples for morphology and culture
Identifying Characteristics of Fungi
- Rate of Growth: Fungi are divided into rapid (less than 5 days), intermediate (6-10 days), and slow growers (more than 11 days, possibly up to 8 weeks). Examples are provided for each category.
- Pigmentation: Pigmentation on the colony's surface (surface) or reverse side (reverse), is a characteristic used in the detection of microorganisms.
- Colony Characteristics (Texture): Different textures include glabrous (smooth), velvety, yeast-like, cottony, and granular are helpful in the identification of fungi based on the size, shape, and texture of the fungi's colonies or culture.
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Description
This quiz covers practical techniques for isolating and identifying fungal infections. You will learn about common fungal media, inoculation, incubation techniques, and characteristics of fungal growth. Master the use of wet mount KOH and Lactophenol Cotton Blue methods while adhering to safety precautions.
