Mycology and Algae Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which of these characteristics is NOT a defining characteristic of fungi?

They are heterotrophic.

They are prokaryotic. (correct)

Their cell walls are made of chitin.

They are eukaryotic.

What is the primary function of the alga in a lichen?

To provide food for the lichen (correct)

To provide structural support for the lichen

To reproduce sexually for the lichen

To absorb water and nutrients for the lichen

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

They are heterotrophic.

They are typically microscopic.

They are eukaryotic.

They are multicellular. (correct)

Which of the following phyla of fungi produces both conidia and ascospores?

Ascomycetes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the fungus in a symbiotic relationship with an alga, forming a lichen?

Providing structural support and protection (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of parasitic helminths?

Being multicellular and heterotrophic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of ascospore formation?

Sexual reproduction, where spores are formed within a sac-like structure called an ascus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of parasitic nematodes?

They lack a distinct head. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of parasitic platyhelminths?

They are always hermaphroditic. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vector plays a role in transmitting a parasite by acting as an intermediate host?

Biological vector (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that forms when buds do not separate from the mother cell?

Pseudohyphae (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungal phyla produces both ascospores and conidiospores?

Ascomycota (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Dirofilaria immitis for dogs and cats?

Infective larvae (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungal infection affects keratin-containing tissues like hair, nails, and skin?

Cutaneous mycosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive host for Enterobius?

Humans (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which disease can be transmitted by both ticks and mosquitoes?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal phyla exhibit both septate hyphae and the production of basidiospores?

Basidiomycota (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

They are prokaryotic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the complex life cycle of parasitic helminths?

To ensure the survival of the parasite. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the ecological relationship between the fungus and the alga in a lichen?

Mutualism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a feature that differentiates Taenia from Necator?

Their reproductive cycle. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction for fungi?

Both, depending on the species and environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungal infection is commonly caused by fungi that are not usually pathogenic?

Opportunistic mycosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a fungal infection that has spread throughout their body. Which type of fungal infection would this be classified as?

Systemic (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Escherichia coli (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do lichens contribute to soil formation?

By breaking down rocks through chemical weathering, creating soil. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between cellular and plasmodial slime molds?

Cellular slime molds exist as individual amoeboid cells, while plasmodial slime molds are multinucleate masses of protoplasm. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protozoan parasites is known to form protective cysts?

Giardia lamblia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Trichomonas vaginalis a sexually transmitted infection?

It requires intimate contact for transmission, making sexual contact the primary route. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic shared by helminths?

Complex digestive system (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do nematodes reproduce?

Sexually, with separate male and female individuals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the life cycle of a typical trematode (fluke)?

Eggs laid by the adult fluke hatch into miracidia, which infect the first intermediate host, followed by the development of cercariae, which infect a second intermediate host before encysting and becoming metacercariae in the final host. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about the roles of humans in the life cycles of tapeworms?

Humans can serve as both the definitive host and the intermediate host for some tapeworm species. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes the major difference between the roundworms (Nematodes) that infect humans with their eggs and those that infect with their larvae?

The roundworms that infect humans with their eggs are typically found in the intestines, while those that infect with their larvae can migrate to other tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a defining characteristic of helminths?

All are parasites of humans (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)?

They can be either monoecious or dioecious. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an intermediate host in the life cycle of a parasitic helminth?

The intermediate host is where the helminth develops through one or more larval stages. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to control or eliminate vector-borne diseases?

Controlling or eradicating the vectors that spread the diseases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of arthropods as vectors in the transmission of diseases?

Arthropods can transmit a variety of diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of algae is known for producing a neurotoxin harmful to humans?

Diatoms (A), Dinoflagellates (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic that differentiates prokaryotes from protozoa?

Presence of a nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true of the archaezoan group of protozoa?

They are all photosynthetic. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction for protozoa?

Binary Fission (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of algae is most closely related to plants in terms of pigment composition?

Green algae (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of slime mold exhibits a multinucleated, free-flowing mass of protoplasm?

Plasmodial slime molds (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a role that algae play in the environment?

Decomposers in soil and water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between amoebozoa and ciliophora?

Mode of locomotion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungi

Mycology is the study of fungi
Fungi are primarily aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophs
Most fungi are decomposers; some are parasites of plants and animals
Fungal thallus consists of hyphae; a mass of hyphae is called a mycelium
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that reproduce by fission (symmetrical division) or budding (asymmetrical division)
Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are yeast-like at 37°C and mold-like at 25°C
Fungi are categorized based on rRNA
Asexual reproduction involves sporangiospores and conidiospores
Sexual reproduction occurs in response to specific conditions
Fungi can thrive in acidic, low-moisture, and aerobic environments
Fungal metabolism includes the breakdown of complex carbohydrates

Algae

Algae are unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular
Algae primarily live in aquatic environments
Algae are eukaryotic and predominantly photoautotrophic
Multicellular algae have stipe, holdfast, and blades
Algae reproduce asexually via cell division or fragmentation
Algae reproduce sexually in many cases
Photoautotrophic algae produce oxygen
Algae are categorized by structure and pigments

Lichens

Lichens are a mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus
Algal component photosynthesizes, providing carbohydrates to the lichen
Fungal component provides a holdfast for the lichen
Lichens can colonize inhospitable or unsuitable habitats
Lichens can be classified morphologically as crustose, foliose, or fruticose

Protozoa

Protozoa are unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs
Protozoa are found in soil, water and as normal microbiota in animals
Vegetative form is called a trophozoite
Asexual reproduction involves fission, budding, or schizogony
Some protozoa form cysts that provide protection during adverse conditions
Protozoa have complex cells with a pellicle, cytostome (mouth), and anal pore
Protozoa are categorized based on flagella, no flagella (amoeba) etc.

Slime Molds

Cellular slime molds resemble amoebas, ingesting bacteria by phagocytosis
Plasmodial slime molds are a multinucleated mass of protoplasm that engulfs organic debris and bacteria as it moves

Helminths

Helminths are multicellular animals, some of which are parasites of humans
Helminth anatomy and life cycle are modified for parasitism
Adults are found in definitive hosts
Larval development requires intermediate hosts
Helminths can be monoecious (one sex) or dioecious (two sexes)
Parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes): dorsoventrally flattened; may lack a digestive system
Parasitic roundworms (Nematodes): complete digestive system

Arthropods

Arthropods are jointed-legged animals; some are vectors (animals that carry diseases)

Additional notes

Vectorborne diseases are effectively eliminated by controlling or eradicating vectors

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in mycology and algae, including their structures, classification, and reproduction. Understand the roles of fungi as decomposers and parasites, as well as the various forms and functions of algae in aquatic environments. Test your knowledge on these vital organisms in the ecosystem!