Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Which bacterial characteristic is associated with Tuberculosis (TB)?

Latent tuberculosis is characterized by active symptoms and contagiousness.

What is the name of the vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis?

A common symptom of spinal tuberculosis, also known as Pott's disease, is spinal ______.

Match the following terms related to tuberculosis with their definitions:

Which population group is LEAST likely to be offered the BCG vaccine as part of a routine vaccination schedule?

The Mantoux test involves injecting live tuberculosis bacteria into the skin.

What is the typical appearance of disseminated miliary tuberculosis on a chest X-ray?

In hospitals, ______ pressure rooms are used to prevent the airborne spread of tuberculosis.

Match the following symptoms with the condition they are most closely associated with in tuberculosis:

What is the MOST common site of TB infection?

A positive Mantoux test result is indicated by an induration of less than 5mm after 72 hours.

What does NAAT stand for in the context of diagnosing tuberculosis?

The treatment for active tuberculosis includes rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ______.

Match the tuberculosis drug with its MOST common side effect:

Which of the following statements accurately describes 'acid-fast' bacteria?

The BCG vaccine provides complete protection against pulmonary tuberculosis.

What is the purpose of co-prescribing pyridoxine (vitamin B6) with isoniazid in TB treatment?

The Ziehl-Neelsen stain causes acid-fast bacilli to appear ______ red against a blue background.

Match the following investigations with their role in diagnosing tuberculosis:

A patient presents with a chronic cough, night sweats, and weight loss. Sputum culture grows 'acid-fast bacilli' that stain red with 'Ziehl-Neelsen staining'. Which condition is MOST likely?

Rifampicin increases the effectiveness of drugs metabolised by the cytochrome P450 enzymes.

What is the first step in managing a suspected case of active tuberculosis, besides starting treatment?

A deep cough sputum sample can be induced with nebulised ______ saline if a patient is not producing enough sputum.

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate stage or type of tuberculosis:

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the BCG vaccine?

A negative IGRA result always rules out the possibility of a TB infection.

What is the significance of testing culture samples for drug resistance before starting TB treatment?

Testing contacts for tuberculosis and notifying the ______ of suspected cases are crucial steps in TB management.

Match the following chest X-ray findings with their associated type of tuberculosis:

A patient on RIPE therapy reports new onset of difficulty distinguishing between red and green. Which medication is MOST likely responsible?

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis only occurs in immunocompromised individuals.

Why is it important to assess patients for immunosuppression and HIV before administering the BCG vaccine?

When latent tuberculosis reactivates, leading to an active infection, it is typically due to ______.

Match the following diagnostic procedures for tuberculosis with their specific method of sample collection:

A patient undergoing treatment for active TB develops numbness and tingling in their feet. Which medication is MOST likely the cause, and what should be co-administered?

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to isoniazid only.

Besides drug therapy, what other management considerations are essential for patients with active tuberculosis?

After starting treatment for tuberculosis, a patient notices ______ discolouration of their urine. This is most likely due to Rifampicin.

Match the following risk factors with their increased susceptibility to tuberculosis:

What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?

M. tuberculosis is a fast-dividing bacterium.

What staining method is used to identify M. tuberculosis due to its waxy coating?

A sputum culture that grows 'acid-fast bacilli' that stain red with '______ staining' is indicative of TB.

Match each term with its corresponding description in the context of tuberculosis:

Which of the following outcomes is LEAST likely following exposure to M. tuberculosis?

Patients with latent tuberculosis are symptomatic and contagious.

What is a 'cold abscess' associated with tuberculosis?

Reactivation of latent tuberculosis, often due to ______, is known as secondary tuberculosis.

Which of these is NOT a typical risk factor for tuberculosis?

The BCG vaccine uses live, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What type of injection is the BCG vaccine?

The BCG vaccine is typically administered after a _______ test returns negative.

What is the primary purpose of the BCG vaccine?

The BCG vaccine is part of the routine vaccination schedule in most countries.

Name one dermatological presentation that may be associated with tuberculosis.

Spinal pain in spinal tuberculosis is also known as _______ disease of the spine.

A patient presents with a chronic cough, night sweats, and weight loss. Which of the following investigations is MOST appropriate to initiate?

Gram staining is an effective method for identifying M. tuberculosis.

What is measured 72 hours after a Mantoux test to determine the result?

In the Mantoux test, an induration of _______ or more is considered a positive result.

What does a positive Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) indicate?

The tuberculin used in the Mantoux test contains live bacteria.

What is the characteristic appearance of disseminated miliary tuberculosis on a chest x-ray?

Reactivated tuberculosis may show patchy or nodular consolidation with _______, typically in the upper zones on a chest x-ray.

Why is it important to collect culture samples before starting treatment for tuberculosis?

Sputum induction involves the use of hypotonic saline.

What type of sample is collected during a bronchoalveolar lavage?

_______ assess for the genetic material of a pathogen and can rapidly detect tuberculosis DNA.

In which patient populations is NAAT particularly useful for diagnosing tuberculosis?

Rifampicin treatment for tuberculosis lasts for 3 months.

According to the RIPE mnemonic, name the four drugs used in the initial treatment of active tuberculosis.

Isoniazid can cause _______, and therefore _______ is co-prescribed to help prevent this side effect.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended management option for tuberculosis?

Negative pressure rooms are used in hospitals to increase the risk of airborne spread of infections.

What is the notable effect of rifampicin on bodily secretions?

Rifampicin is a potent inducer of the _______ enzymes, which can reduce the effectiveness of drugs metabolized by this system.

A patient on TB treatment reports difficulty recognising colours. Which medication is MOST likely causing this?

Hyperuricemia is a side effect of isoniazid.

Name three drugs used in TB treatment that are associated with hepatotoxicity.

A patient recently started treatment for tuberculosis and notices numbness or unusual sensations in their feet. The medication most likely implicated is _______.

A patient on rifampicin presents with reduced efficacy of their oral contraceptive pill. What is the mechanism behind this?

Individuals vaccinated with BCG invariably test positive on the Mantoux test for the remainder of their lives.

A patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is unable to produce a deep cough sputum sample. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step?

While treating active tuberculosis with the standard RIPE therapy, a patient develops jaundice and dark urine. Given the risk of hepatotoxicity with multiple drugs in the regimen, the MOST prudent initial step would be to immediately perform _______.