Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
What is the primary cause of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
- Mutations in the NADPH oxidase enzyme (correct)
- Neutrophilia
- Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections
- Inability to produce toxic molecules
What is the purpose of the Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) test in diagnosing Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
What is the purpose of the Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) test in diagnosing Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
- To measure the level of neutrophils in the blood
- To detect the presence of granulomas in the body
- To determine if the patient's cells can undergo an oxidative burst (correct)
- To assess the patient's body temperature in response to infection
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Acute-Phase Response?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Acute-Phase Response?
- Decreased body temperature in response to infection
- Decreased fat metabolic rate and increased appetite
- Increased production of C3, C4, and CRP by the liver (correct)
- Decreased production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus
What is the primary effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) during the Acute-Phase Response?
What is the primary effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) during the Acute-Phase Response?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the neutrophil dysfunction in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the neutrophil dysfunction in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?
Which cytokine is responsible for activating macrophages to kill intracellular bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Which cytokine is responsible for activating macrophages to kill intracellular bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What is the primary function of type 1 interferons (IFN α and IFN β)?
What is the primary function of type 1 interferons (IFN α and IFN β)?
Which cytokine is most important in allergic diseases and activates TH2 cells?
Which cytokine is most important in allergic diseases and activates TH2 cells?
Which protein acts as an opsonin during an acute phase response?
Which protein acts as an opsonin during an acute phase response?
What effect do corticosteroids have on shedding of the stratum corneum during infections like fungi?
What effect do corticosteroids have on shedding of the stratum corneum during infections like fungi?
Which cytokine supports the proliferation of lymphocytes in primary lymphoid tissue?
Which cytokine supports the proliferation of lymphocytes in primary lymphoid tissue?
What is the function of Defensins in the immune response?
What is the function of Defensins in the immune response?
Which enzyme is responsible for producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the respiratory burst process?
Which enzyme is responsible for producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the respiratory burst process?
What is the role of Lactoferrin in the immune response?
What is the role of Lactoferrin in the immune response?
Which substance is released into the phagosome to aid in the digestion of bacteria?
Which substance is released into the phagosome to aid in the digestion of bacteria?
What is the main function of Nitric Oxide in the immune system?
What is the main function of Nitric Oxide in the immune system?
What is the purpose of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the immune response?
What is the purpose of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the immune response?
What is the consequence of exaggerated innate immune system activation, as mentioned in the text?
What is the consequence of exaggerated innate immune system activation, as mentioned in the text?
Which protein binds to endotoxin and prevents it from activating macrophages?
Which protein binds to endotoxin and prevents it from activating macrophages?
Which type of drug is Imiquimod, as mentioned in the text?
Which type of drug is Imiquimod, as mentioned in the text?
What is the main effect of corticosteroids at the usual doses?
What is the main effect of corticosteroids at the usual doses?
What is the function of CpG motifs, as mentioned in the text?
What is the function of CpG motifs, as mentioned in the text?
What effect does blocking TNF with monoclonal antibodies have on immune response?
What effect does blocking TNF with monoclonal antibodies have on immune response?
What are the surface markers found on NK cells?
What are the surface markers found on NK cells?
What are the main mechanisms used by NK cells to kill target cells?
What are the main mechanisms used by NK cells to kill target cells?
Which of the following is NOT an activator of NK cells?
Which of the following is NOT an activator of NK cells?
How do herpesviruses and influenza viruses evade the immune response by NK cells?
How do herpesviruses and influenza viruses evade the immune response by NK cells?
What is the main function of mast cells in the immune system?
What is the main function of mast cells in the immune system?
Which of the following is the most important chemokine for the recruitment of eosinophils to sites of inflammation?
Which of the following is the most important chemokine for the recruitment of eosinophils to sites of inflammation?
What is the primary function of TH1 cells in the formation of granulomas?
What is the primary function of TH1 cells in the formation of granulomas?
What is the most common cause of secondary phagocyte defects?
What is the most common cause of secondary phagocyte defects?
What is the primary mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to septic shock?
What is the primary mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to septic shock?
What is the primary function of the BCG vaccine in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer?
What is the primary function of the BCG vaccine in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer?
