"My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary setting of the poem?

  • A Venetian ballroom during a masquerade
  • A bustling marketplace in Florence
  • The Duke's art gallery in Ferrara (correct)
  • A somber castle in Spain

The Duke claims that only he can draw the curtain that conceals the Duchess's portrait.

True (A)

What is the Duke showing to the visitor in the poem?

  • His garden
  • His horses
  • His art collection (correct)
  • His library

Who is Fra Pandolf?

<p>The painter of the Duchess's portrait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duchess's 'spot of joy' was caused by the Duke always complimenting her.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase 'the faint Half-flush that dies along her throat' definitively indicates that Fra Pandolf was attempting to capture the Duchess's deteriorating health prior to her death.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Duke mention Fra Pandolf when discussing the portrait of his late Duchess?

<p>To highlight the skill of the artist and the lifelike quality of the painting, while also subtly hinting at the Duchess's perceived flirtatiousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke points out 'the dropping of the ______ in the West' as something that pleased the Duchess.

<p>daylight</p> Signup and view all the answers

The detail regarding the 'white mule She rode with round the terrace' serves primarily as a symbol of the Duchess's refined taste and appreciation for equestrian pursuits, indicative of her noble upbringing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke was primarily upset that the Duchess was impolite to him in front of other people.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke was displeased that the Duchess ranked his 'nine-hundred-years-old ______' with anyone's gift.

<p>name</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke says 'I choose Never to stoop.' What does this mean?

<p>He refuses to lower himself to argue or explain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The line, 'the bough of cherries some officious fool / Broke in the orchard for her,' suggests what about the Duke's perception of the Duchess?

<p>He believed she was easily impressed by insignificant gestures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke's primary concern is maintaining his family's wealth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement best explains the line, 'I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together'?

<p>The Duke orchestrated the Duchess's death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke is negotiating with an agent representing a Count to arrange the Duke's marriage to the Count's daughter.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Duke is actively drawing the curtain for all visitors to view the painting.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Duke's insistence that 'none puts by / The curtain I have drawn for you, but I'?

<p>It emphasizes his power and control over the Duchess, even in her representation, as he alone decides who can view her portrait. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Duke's attitude toward the emissary?

<p>Condescending and manipulative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Duke's complaints about the Duchess with the underlying character flaw they reveal:

<p>She 'liked whate'er she looked on' = Jealousy and a need to be the sole focus of her attention. She thanked men 'as if she ranked my gift with anybody's gift' = Arrogance and a belief in his inherent superiority due to his noble lineage. Her looks 'went everywhere' = Possessiveness and an inability to tolerate her independent spirit or innocent interactions. She was 'too soon made glad, too easily impressed' = Condescension and a disdain for her genuine appreciation of life's simple pleasures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Duke's references to art and artists with what they reveal about his values:

<p>His emphasis on Fra Pandolf's skill = He equates artistic excellence with social status and prestige. His ownership of the Duchess's portrait = Art serves as another form of possession and control for him. His description of the Neptune statue = He admires power and dominance, seeing art as a celebration of these qualities His need to control who views the art = Art is something to be guarded and used to impress others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the dramatic irony in the Duke's statement, 'Wilt please you sit and look at her?' What is the deeper meaning behind this seemingly polite invitation?

<p>The dramatic irony resides in the Duke's seemingly polite invitation, which masks a chilling display of control and possessiveness. While appearing to offer a gracious viewing of art, he's actually asserting his dominance by controlling access to her image and dictating the narrative surrounding her life and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explore the significance of the Duke's phrase 'too easily impressed' in relation to the Duchess. How does this characterization serve to justify his actions?

<p>The Duke uses 'too easily impressed' to imply the Duchess lacked discernment and proper appreciation for his status. This seemingly innocuous trait becomes, in his eyes, a flaw that warrants his extreme response, as he felt her indiscriminate appreciation diminished his unique value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred from the Duke's transition from discussing the Duchess to discussing his plans for his next marriage?

<p>It suggests that he views marriage as a transaction to increase his status and power, rather than a partnership based on love or respect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the implications of the Duke showing the portrait of his 'last Duchess' to a representative of another noble family. What does this suggest about his intentions for a future marriage?

<p>Showing the portrait serves as a subtle warning and demonstration of the Duke's power to the envoy. By showcasing what happened to his 'last Duchess,' he subtly communicates his expectations for absolute obedience and control in his next marriage, implying consequences for any perceived transgression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does the Duke's art collection, specifically the statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse, serve as a metaphor for his relationship with the Duchess?

<p>The statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse is a metaphor for the Duke's desire to control and dominate. Just as Neptune subdues the wild sea-horse, the Duke sought to control and 'tame' the Duchess's spirit and independent nature, viewing her as something to be possessed and mastered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Duke's monologue format impact the reader's interpretation of the events described?

<p>It provides a biased perspective, allowing the reader to infer the Duke's true nature and the Duchess's character through his unreliable narration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the poem critique the social norms and expectations of the time period in which it is set?

<p>It critiques the objectification of women and the expectation that they should be subservient to their husbands, highlighting the power imbalances in aristocratic marriages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Duchess

The central female character depicted in the poem, representing beauty and complexity.

Fra Pandolf

The artist who painted the portrait of the Duchess, representing skill and artistry.

Jealousy

An emotion felt by the Duke due to the Duchess's affections for others, underlying the poem's tension.

Social Status

The Duke's concern with lineage and rank, reflected in his disdain for the Duchess's appreciation for smaller gestures.

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Silence of the Curtain

Symbolizes control and possession, as the Duke draws the curtain to hide the Duchess's true nature.

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Portrayal

The representation of the Duchess in art, highlighting her beauty and emotions.

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Spot of joy

A moment captured in the Duchess's expression, indicating her happiness.

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Approval

The Duchess's praise for things around her, showing her positive nature.

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Nine-hundred-years-old name

Symbolizes the Duke's pride in his aristocratic lineage and status.

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Trifling

The Duke's dismissal of the Duchess's gratitude for small gestures as insignificant.

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Lesson

The Duke's desire for the Duchess to learn and appreciate his status more clearly.

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Impressed heart

Refers to the Duchess’s tendency to easily show joy and gratitude.

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Curtain

A symbol of the Duke's control over how the Duchess is perceived.

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Contrast

The difference in how the Duke views his name versus the Duchess's free joy.

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Obsession

The Duke's fixation with status and how it affects his view of love and relationships.

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Duke's Perspective

The Duke's view is rooted in pride and control over the Duchess.

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Duchess's Nature

She is portrayed as joyful and easily impressed, appreciating beauty around her.

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Duke's Gift

The Duke feels his noble name should hold greater value than simple gifts.

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Art and Emotion

The portrait captures the Duchess's charm and complexity in emotions.

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Social Expectations

The Duke's expectations of the Duchess reflect societal norms of status and representation.

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Communication Barriers

The Duke struggles to express his dissatisfaction with the Duchess.

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Approving Speech

The Duchess's compliments are seen as trivial by the Duke.

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Jealousy in Relationships

The Duke's jealousy stems from the Duchess's affections toward others.

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Symbolism of Cherries

Cherries represent the Duke's control and jealousy over the Duchess's freedom.

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Curtain Symbolism

The curtain signifies the Duke's attempt to control perception and hide the Duchess's true nature.

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Ferrara

The setting of the poem, representing a place of nobility and power.

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Duke's Control

The Duke demonstrates control over the Duchess and how she is remembered.

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Duchess's Glance

The expression captured in the portrait, revealing her emotions and charms.

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Art as Possession

The Duke views the portrait as a trophy, representing his ownership of the Duchess's beauty.

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Symbolism of the Curtain

Represents the Duke's desire to control the narrative around the Duchess.

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Emotional Depth

The Duke comments on the passionate nature of the Duchess's expression in the portrait.

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Aesthetic Appreciation

The Duchess's tendency to find joy in simple beauties of life rather than status.

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Statue versus Living Beauty

The contrast between the Duchess as a living woman and her portrayal as an art piece.

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Duke's Insecurity

The Duke feels insecure about the Duchess's affections for others and her reactions.

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Impermanence of Joy

Reflects the fleeting nature of the Duchess's happiness, ultimately leading to discontent.

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Duchess's Affection

The Duchess expresses joy and fondness for various subjects around her.

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Portrayal's Impact

The Duke uses the portrait as a means to assert control over the Duchess's memory.

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Duke's Discontent

The Duke feels unappreciated despite his high status, leading to jealousy.

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Symbolism of the White Mule

Represents the Duke's control over the Duchess and her experiences.

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Emotional Manipulation

The Duke expresses frustration over the Duchess's apparent inability to favor his gifts.

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Duality of Beauty

The Duchess's beauty is seen as both captivating and a source of the Duke's jealousy.

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Critique of Social Norms

The Duke critiques the Duchess's appreciation for gestures, hinting at class disparities.

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Curtain as Control

The curtain symbolizes the Duke's desire to manipulate how the Duchess is viewed.

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Complexity of Heritage

The Duke believes his long lineage should carry more weight than common gifts.

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Social Isolation

The Duke feels isolated due to his rigid expectations of the Duchess's behavior.

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Duke's View on Gifts

The Duke sees his noble name as more valuable than simple gifts.

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Duchess's Joy

The Duchess easily expresses happiness and appreciation for her surroundings.

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Art as Control

The Duke uses the portrait to assert ownership over the Duchess's image.

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Social Status Critique

The poem critiques how status influences relationships and perceptions.

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Vulnerability of the Duchess

The Duchess's happiness is portrayed as easily affected by others.

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Duke's Jealousy

The Duke's jealousy arises from the Duchess's joy and attention to others.

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Duchess's Appreciation

The Duchess appreciates various aspects of life, often seen as trivial by the Duke.

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Depth and Passion

Refers to the emotional intensity seen in the Duchess's portrait.

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Curtain Drawing

The act representing the Duke's control over the Duchess's image and memory.

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Emotional Impressions

The Duchess's ability to easily express joy and appreciation for life.

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Trivial Compliments

The Duke views the Duchess's expressions of gratitude as insignificant.

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Heritage Complexity

The Duke believes his long lineage should hold more value in relationships.

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Approval and Trifling

The Duke dismisses the Duchess’s appreciation for small gestures as trivial and unworthy.

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Contrast in Perception

The difference in how the Duke values his name versus the Duchess’s experience of joy.

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Duke's Pride

The Duke's sense of superiority based on his aristocratic lineage.

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Duchess's Charm

The Duchess's joyful personality that attracts admiration.

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Art as Trophy

The Duke views the portrait as a symbol of possession over the Duchess.

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Emotional Fragility

The Duchess easily shows joy, but it makes her vulnerable.

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Jealousy Catalyst

Factors contributing to the Duke's jealousy of the Duchess's affections.

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Symbolism of the Portrait

The portrait represents the Duke's memories and control.

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Expressions of Gratitude

The Duke perceives the Duchess’s thanks as insincere and trivial.

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Emotion in Art

The expression of feelings captured in the Duchess's portrait.

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Duchess's Gratitude

The Duchess thanks others but her appreciation is perceived as trivial by the Duke.

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Depth of Glance

The emotional intensity reflected in the Duchess's expression in the portrait.

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Theme of Jealousy

The Duke's jealousy arises from the Duchess's affections towards others.

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Social Critique

The poem critiques societal expectations concerning status and emotion.

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Symbolism of Cherry

Cherries represent the Duke’s control over the Duchess and what she enjoys.

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Duchess's Admiration

The Duchess expresses joy and appreciation for her surroundings.

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The Duke's Control

The Duke demonstrates dominant control over the Duchess's memory and representation.

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Emotional Vulnerability

The Duchess’s happiness is easily influenced by others.

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Art as Property

The Duke views the portrait as a trophy of his ownership of the Duchess’s beauty.

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Three Elements of Art

The portrait's depth, emotion, and beauty embody the Duchess's complexity.

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Critique of Gender Roles

The Duke's expectations reflect societal norms around status and behavior.

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Contrast in Values

The difference between the Duke's view on aristocracy and the Duchess's appreciation for life's simplicities.

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Depth of Emotion

Refers to the rich feeling expressed in the Duchess’s portrait.

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Portrayal of the Duchess

The representation of the Duchess as both beautiful and complex in the art.

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Jealousy as Theme

The Duke's jealousy stems from the Duchess’s affections for others.

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Study Notes

Summary of "My Last Duchess"

  • Subject: A dramatic monologue by Robert Browning, exploring themes of power, jealousy, and control, focusing on a Duke's perspective of his deceased wife.
  • Setting: The speaker's palace.
  • Characters: The speaker (presumably a duke) and the duchess (deceased).
  • Focus: The speaker's reflection on the duchess, highlighting his possessive nature and her perceived flaws, ultimately driven by jealousy.

The Duchess's Portrait

  • Description: The speaker describes his late wife's portrait with admiration for her beauty and the skill of the artist (Fra Pandolf).
  • Impression: He presents her as a living figure, highlighting her beauty, passion, and responsiveness to others, conveying his possessiveness.
  • Details: The speaker states the portrait captures the "depth and passion" of her "earnest glance" and how she appears "alive."

The Speaker's Jealousy

  • Reasoning: The speaker suggests the duchess was too easily pleased and had a heart that was too "made glad," or "easily impressed," suggesting a lack of complete devotion to him, and concern regarding the duchess' responsiveness to others, implying a lack of complete devotion to him alone.
  • Concerns: He is concerned that she was not wholly devoted to him. His concern centers around instances where she appreciated the comments of others on her appearance, implying a lack of loyalty to him.
  • Examples: He details compliments from others about the duchess's appearance, specifically her clothing. He implies that her approval to these compliments was indicative of disloyalty towards him.
  • Justification: The speaker rationalizes his jealousy by suggesting the duchess's emotional response was superficial, reacting to fleeting, external comments rather than truly appreciating him. He implies that the compliments contributed to her smiles and that his jealousy stemmed from the duchess's reactions towards compliments from others.
  • Specific Examples: He illustrates compliments on her appearance or dress brought smiles to her face, highlighting the speaker's concern about the attention she received from others. He suggests others might have complimented the duchess about these factors, driving his jealousy.
  • Actions: He took measures, possibly including giving commands, to ensure her attention, indicating a level of control and possessiveness to address these concerns.

The Speaker's Control

  • Possessiveness: He describes his desire to control the duchess's emotional expression and affections.
  • Methods: He explicitly highlights his desire to completely control her feelings.
  • Controlling Behavior: He implies the duchess was expected to be entirely devoted to him and not focus on others; that she was expected to please him solely and focus her attention on him alone.
  • Controlling Actions: The speaker details giving commands to prevent her smiles; this highlights his increasingly controlling behavior, showcasing how he tried to suppress any potential displays of emotion or interest she may have felt toward others. He implies he became possessive to the point of controlling her reactions and expressions to ensure she was focusing solely on him. The speaker's actions demonstrate a lack of empathy and a potentially dangerous escalation of possessive efforts.

The Duchess's Defiance (Implied)

  • Interpretation: The speaker's words suggest a possible dissatisfaction and rebellion or defiance by the duchess. The speaker feels his control over her was threatened. The possibility exists that the duchess did not fully submit to his wishes and expectations. Her reactions to compliments or comments from others could have been seen as a form of defiance towards the Duke.
  • Consequence: The speaker's jealousy led to a devastating outcome—the duchess's death, potentially a direct result of the speaker's possessive actions. The implication is that his actions may have contributed to her unhappiness and despair.
  • Possible Interpretation: The speaker's implied concern that the duchess might have been happier with others suggests a possible personal conflict or dissatisfaction with her life.
  • Possible Actions: The speaker's possessiveness may have led to actions, verbal abuse, and possibly criticism in addition to control, which could have driven her to suffering and withdrawal from him.

Underlying Themes

  • Power dynamics: The poem portrays the power imbalance between the speaker and the duchess, showcasing the speaker's overpowering nature and control.
  • Jealousy: The speaker's jealousy and possessiveness are central to the poem's narrative.
  • Control: The speaker seeks to control the duchess's affections and actions, demonstrating his need to secure and enforce his control.
  • Art vs. Life: The portrait acts as a catalyst, allowing the speaker to reflect on his perceptions and possibly his grief, revealing a contrast between the idealized representation in art versus the actual experiences of life.
  • Lack of Empathy: The speaker's actions demonstrate a lack of empathy and understanding for the duchess's desires and feelings; he prioritized his own control and emotional satisfaction over her well-being.
  • Loss and Grief: Despite outwardly admiring the duchess in the portrait, the monologue reveals the speaker's pain and inability to reconcile with the loss of her presence, highlighting his inability to process grief.
  • Social Commentary: The poem potentially critiques the social constraints and expectations placed on women during that era, suggesting their limited freedom and potential constraints on their emotional expression.

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Description

Explore Robert Browning's dramatic monologue, "My Last Duchess." The poem delves into themes of power, jealousy, and control through the duke's monologue about his deceased wife. Focus on the duchess's portrait and the speaker's jealousy.

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