Mutations and DNA Repair Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a mutation?

  • A change in the protein sequence of an organism
  • A modification in the structure of a chromosome
  • An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome (correct)
  • A variation in the phenotype of an organism

    • What is a polymorphism?

  • A mutation resulting in altered phenotype
  • The occurrence of two or more alternative genotypes in a population (correct)
  • A change in the DNA sequence of a gene
  • A genetic disorder caused by chromosomal abnormalities

    • What defines a locus as polymorphic?

  • If the rarer allele has a frequency of 0.01 or more (correct)
  • If the rarer allele has a frequency of 0.5 or more
  • If the rarer allele has a frequency of 0.1 or more
  • If the rarer allele has a frequency of 0.001 or more

    • What is the result of a silent mutation?

    <p>No effect on phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a defective protein?

    <p>A missense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation will make a shorter protein?

    <p>A nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of a gene in base pairs?

    <p>About 2000 base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a frameshift mutation?

    <p>Altered reading frame of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a mutant allele result from?

    <p>Change in the DNA sequence of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?

    <p>Premature termination of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a missense mutation?

    <p>Change in one amino acid of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a locus as polymorphic?

    <p>If the rarer allele has a frequency of 0.01 or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation results in the insertion or deletion of bases, causing a shift in the reading frame?

    <p>Frame-shift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA damage is induced by UV light, resulting in the formation of pyrimidine dimers?

    <p>Pyrimidine dimerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair system detects and excises mismatched bases in newly replicated DNA in E. coli?

    <p>Mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the presence of a thymine dimer blocking replication in postreplication repair?

    <p>Formation of a gap opposite the dimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major form of spontaneous DNA damage resulting from the loss of purine bases?

    <p>Depurination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair mechanism uses photoreactivation to repair UV-induced thymine dimers?

    <p>Direct repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of alkylation of the O6 position of guanine in DNA?

    <p>Formation of O6methylguanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair system excises an oligonucleotide containing damaged bases after DNA damage recognition?

    <p>Nucleotide-excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the newly replicated DNA strand in mammalian cells for mismatch repair?

    <p>Parental strand breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation involves the addition of methyl or ethyl groups to various positions on the DNA bases?

    <p>Alkylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of insertion of three bases in DNA?

    <p>Amino acids are in correct order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair mechanism involves the bypass of a thymine dimer by DNA polymerase in the presence of a lesion?

    <p>Postreplication repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

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