Mutation Example 3: DNA and mRNA Sequences

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What is the primary function of DNA in living cells?

To provide structural support to the cell

To synthesize proteins

To determine the characteristics passed from parent to child (correct)

To regulate cell division

What is the role of mRNA in the process of information flow?

To replicate DNA

To store genetic information

To act as a short-term messenger (correct)

To translate genetic code into proteins

What is the difference between DNA and RNA structure?

DNA has a sugar called glucose, while RNA has a sugar called ribose

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded (correct)

DNA has a phosphate group, while RNA does not

DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded

What is the process by which genetic information is passed from DNA to mRNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genes in living cells?

To determine the characteristics of an organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of DNA replication, transcription, and translation in all living organisms?

They all use DNA as the genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the mutation in example 1 on the original DNA coding sequence?

A substitution of one nucleotide base Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the mutation in example 1 on the original mRNA sequence?

A substitution of one nucleotide base Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the original and mutated mRNA sequences in example 2?

A deletion of one nucleotide base and a substitution of another Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the mutation in example 2 on the original DNA coding sequence?

A deletion of one nucleotide base and a substitution of another Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the original DNA coding sequence and the original mRNA sequence?

The mRNA sequence is a transcribed copy of the DNA coding sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the mutation in example 2 on the original amino acid sequence?

A change in the amino acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the original DNA coding sequence in the provided example?

5’ ATG CCC AAA AGA AGT CGC TAT GTG TAG 3’ Signup and view all the answers

What is aneuploidy?

The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What causes aneuploidy?

Nondisjunction during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of non-disjunction events during meiosis?

Gametes with an extra chromosome and one with one too few chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the mutated mRNA sequence in the provided example?

5’ AUG CCC UAA AGA AGU CGC UAU GUG UAG 3’ Signup and view all the answers

What is the original amino acid sequence in the provided example?

Not provided in the example Signup and view all the answers