Mutation and Its Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one potential effect of a substitution mutation?

  • It adds extra nucleotide bases to the gene.
  • It always results in a frameshift mutation.
  • It alters a codon but still codes for an amino acid. (correct)
  • It prevents the synthesis of a protein entirely.

    • Which type of mutation results in the insertion of one or more bases into the DNA sequence?

  • Insertion mutation (correct)
  • Frameshift mutation
  • Substitution mutation
  • Deletion mutation

    • What type of mutation is responsible for Thalassaemia major?

  • Substitution mutation
  • Insertion mutation
  • Deletion mutation (correct)
  • Inversion mutation

    • Which statement best describes the impact of gene mutations on phenotypes?

    <p>They can cause changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism describes a mutation that shifts the reading frame of the DNA sequence?

    <p>Frameshift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle cell anemia is a result of which specific type of mutation?

    <p>Substitution mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mutations can lead to a premature stop codon?

    <p>Substitution mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is genetic variation important in terms of evolution?

    <p>It provides the raw material for natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from the multiplication of a complete set of chromosomes from the same species?

    <p>Autopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mutation refers to the replacement of one pair of nucleotides with another in a DNA molecule?

    <p>Substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a trisomic plant has 29 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would a triploid plant have?

    <p>42</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mutation results in a change from valine to glutamic acid in the given mRNA sequence?

    <p>Sickle cell anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation involves the rearrangement of the chromosome structure that results in a change of a segment's orientation?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates the presence of an extra chromosome in a diploid organism?

    <p>Trisomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polyploidy is characterized by multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species?

    <p>Allopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the outcome be if the mutation in a DNA sequence changes an amino acid from lysine to glutamic acid?

    <p>It could lead to a significant change in protein function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation occurs in somatic cells and cannot be inherited?

    <p>Somatic mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation specifically refers to a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases of a DNA that corresponds to a particular gene?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a frameshift mutation?

    <p>Possible premature stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes induced mutations?

    <p>Mutations caused by environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle-cell anemia is an example of which type of mutation?

    <p>Substitution mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thalassaemia major results from which specific type of mutation?

    <p>Deletion mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an organism affected by a mutation?

    <p>Mutant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation can be inherited and occurs during the formation of gametes?

    <p>Germ-cell mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mutation Definition

    • Mutation is a change in the amount, arrangement, or structure of DNA in an organism.
    • It can result in changes to an organism's phenotype and physiological processes.
    • An organism affected by a mutation is called a mutant.

    Types of Mutation

    Somatic Mutations

    • Occur in somatic cells (body cells).
    • Not inherited by offspring.
    • Examples include cancer of the liver, and non-malignant tumors.

    Germ-cell Mutations (Sex Cell Mutations)

    • Occur in gametes (reproductive cells).
    • Can be inherited by offspring.
    • Examples include haemophilia.

    Spontaneous Mutations

    • Occur randomly due to natural processes.
    • Happen during DNA replication.
    • Arises from chemical changes in the DNA's nitrogenous bases.

    Induced Mutations

    • Result from interactions between DNA and mutagens (chemicals or radiation).
    • Mutagens are agents that induce mutations, which include:
      • Physical mutagens: X-rays, gamma rays, UV-rays
      • Chemical mutagens: colchicines, mustard gas, formaldehyde, benzene.
      • Certain chemicals in tobacco, pesticides, herbicides.

    Gene Mutations (Point Mutations)

    • Changes in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.
    • Types include:
      • Substitution: One base is replaced by another.
        • Example: Sickle cell anemia (a change in a single nucleotide resulting in abnormal hemoglobin).
        • Results in a different amino acid in the protein, either making sense or nonsense (a premature stop codon).
      • Insertion: One or more bases added to the sequence.
      • Deletion: One or more bases removed from the sequence.
        • Example: Frameshift mutation: shift the reading frame of the DNA, altering the amino acid sequence downstream from the mutation.
      • Frameshift mutation: Shift the reading frame of the DNA, altering the amino acid sequence downstream from the mutation, caused by insertions or deletions.

    Chromosomal Mutations

    • Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.
    • Types include:
      • Aneuploidy: Changes in chromosome number that's not an exact multiple of the haploid set (e.g. Trisomy 21 – Down's Syndrome).
      • Euploidy/Polyploidy: Changes in chromosome number that is a multiple of the haploid set (e.g. Autopolyploidy, Aneuploidy).
      • Changes in structure (e.g., deletion, inversion, duplication, translocation).

    Effects of Mutations

    • Can lead to the production of non-functional proteins.
    • Can alter the synthesis rate of proteins.
    • Can lead to new genetic variations, which is crucial for evolution.

    Importance of Mutations

    • Source of genetic variations and raw material for evolution.

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    Related Documents

    Mutation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on mutations and their various types, including somatic and germ-cell mutations. Learn how spontaneous and induced mutations occur and their implications on organisms. This quiz covers key definitions and examples for a better understanding of genetic changes.

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