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Questions and Answers
Which scholar is known as the founder of modern Persian poetry?
Which scholar is known as the founder of modern Persian poetry?
Al-Ma’mun established an observatory during his reign, which contributed to advancements in astronomy.
Al-Ma’mun established an observatory during his reign, which contributed to advancements in astronomy.
True
What were the primary influences on the intellectual awakening of Muslims in the Abbasid era?
What were the primary influences on the intellectual awakening of Muslims in the Abbasid era?
Indo-Persian, Syrian, and mainly Hellenic cultures
The period of original thinking and research that followed the Age of Translation greatly shaped developments in __________.
The period of original thinking and research that followed the Age of Translation greatly shaped developments in __________.
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Match the following scholars with their contributions:
Match the following scholars with their contributions:
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Which of the following regions was NOT covered by Al-Maqdisi in his writings?
Which of the following regions was NOT covered by Al-Maqdisi in his writings?
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Yaqut's Mujamul Buldan arranges place names chronologically.
Yaqut's Mujamul Buldan arranges place names chronologically.
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What was Al-Ma'mun's major contribution to education and culture during his reign?
What was Al-Ma'mun's major contribution to education and culture during his reign?
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Al-Ma'mun declared the __________ doctrine as the state religion.
Al-Ma'mun declared the __________ doctrine as the state religion.
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Match the following scholars with their contributions:
Match the following scholars with their contributions:
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What significant action did Al-Ma'mun take regarding the treatment of religious beliefs?
What significant action did Al-Ma'mun take regarding the treatment of religious beliefs?
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Al-Ma'mun had a strong preference for orthodox beliefs and rejected all others.
Al-Ma'mun had a strong preference for orthodox beliefs and rejected all others.
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During Al-Ma'mun's reign, which branches of study flourished?
During Al-Ma'mun's reign, which branches of study flourished?
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Which policy did Al-Ma'mun emphasize during his reign?
Which policy did Al-Ma'mun emphasize during his reign?
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Ahmad bin Hanbal was a supporter of Al-Ma'mun's edict to renounce the orthodox faith.
Ahmad bin Hanbal was a supporter of Al-Ma'mun's edict to renounce the orthodox faith.
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Name the significant institution established by Al-Ma'mun in Baghdad.
Name the significant institution established by Al-Ma'mun in Baghdad.
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Al-Ma'mun is known as the Patron of __________ Sciences.
Al-Ma'mun is known as the Patron of __________ Sciences.
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Match the scholars with their areas of expertise during Al-Ma'mun's reign:
Match the scholars with their areas of expertise during Al-Ma'mun's reign:
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What was one effect of the translation movement initiated by Al-Ma'mun?
What was one effect of the translation movement initiated by Al-Ma'mun?
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Al-Ma'mun invited Christians to his court for their expertise in languages and literature.
Al-Ma'mun invited Christians to his court for their expertise in languages and literature.
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Who was the founder of the Hanbali School of Thought?
Who was the founder of the Hanbali School of Thought?
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Study Notes
The Role of Muslims in Geography
- Islamic motivations for geographic study included the Hajj, mosque orientations, and determining latitude/longitude for prayers.
- Muslim traders traveled extensively, reaching China, Zanzibar, and parts of Africa and Russia.
- Early travel narratives, like those of Sulaiman, provided descriptions of distant lands and cultures.
- Accounts from travelers like Ibn Fadlan offered insights into Russia and the use of fingerprints.
- Ptolemy's Geography, translated into Arabic, became a model, and al-Khwarizmi created a map called Suratul Ardh.
- Muslim geographers like al-Istarkhi and Ibn-Hawqal created detailed maps and geographical histories.
- Yaqut's Mujamul Buldan was a comprehensive encyclopedia of place names.
- Yaqut is considered the greatest Eastern Muslim geographer because of his extensive and systematic work.
Al-Ma'mun as Patron of Muslim Sciences
- Al-Ma'mun is praised as a significant figure in the Abbasid Dynasty, a skilled administrator, and a brave soldier.
- His reign saw intellectual advancements across various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy.
- Al-Ma'mun supported education and established schools and colleges.
- Al-Ma'mun encouraged religious tolerance, establishing a council that included representatives from diverse communities (Muslims, Jews, Christians).
- He embraced Mu'tazilite doctrines related to free will and the Quran's nature.
- His reign oversaw the translation of Greek, Sanskrit, and Persian texts into Arabic, fostering a resurgence of knowledge.
- Al-Ma'mun’s reign also oversaw the establishment of the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah), a grand library and center for knowledge in Baghdad.
- The translation of ancient works into Arabic made significant contributions to various disciplines in Europe.
- Al-Ma'mun established an observatory in Tadmor for astronomy and geometry.
- His reign is seen as crucial for the development of knowledge within the Islamic world and its transmission to Europe.
Internal Awakening of Muslims
- The intellectual awakening was partly due to foreign influences (especially Greek, Iranian and Indian).
- Those influences spread through translations of ancient works into Arabic by groups of translators.
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Description
Explore the significant contributions of Muslim scholars in the field of geography, including motivations for geographic study, influential maps, and travel narratives. Learn about the pivotal role of Al-Ma'mun in supporting these scientific advancements during the Abbasid Dynasty.
