Questions and Answers
How did Schoenberg acquire his musical knowledge?
Going to concerts, playing, score study
Charles Ives' father was a __________.
Professional Bandmaster (director)
Neoclassicism was a reaction against ________.
Romanticism and Impressionism
Neoclassical works were modeled after which composer?
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What is Atonality?
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Copland's simplicity is related to ____________.
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Who was Stravinsky's composition teacher?
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What were the dates of Neoclassicism?
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Where was expressionism centered?
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What happened to Schoenberg when the Nazis seized power in Germany?
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Debussy loved and hated this composer.
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Where did Schoenberg teach?
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What is Aaron Copland's birthplace?
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What was Stravinsky's inspiration?
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Who was Gershwin's piano teacher?
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Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue opens with _______.
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Where did composers in the 20th century draw inspiration?
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What was the most famous riot in music history?
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What is a glissando?
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What is Sprechstimme?
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What is expressionism?
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What were the dates of radio broadcasts' beginnings?
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What is polyrhythm?
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Describe Charles Ives's music.
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George Gershwin collaborated with _________
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What is The Rite of Spring known for?
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What is Porgy and Bess?
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What are Neoclassical music characteristics?
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What is 12 Tone music?
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What is Chance Music?
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What are the different tone colors of 20th century music?
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Describe Debussy's music.
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Describe musical styles post WWII.
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What are the characteristics of early 20th century music?
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What is Impressionism in music?
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What are the advantages of electronic music?
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What is Minimalism in music?
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Study Notes
Musical Knowledge and Education
- Schoenberg acquired musical skills through attending concerts, playing instruments, and studying scores.
- Charles Ives' father was a professional bandmaster, influencing Ives' musical upbringing.
- Stravinsky studied under Rimsky-Korsakov, a significant composer of the late 19th century.
Neoclassicism
- Neoclassicism arose as a response to Romanticism and Impressionism.
- Works of this style were often modeled after the techniques of Bach.
- Characterized by a return to classical forms, with an emphasis on polyphonic textures and the use of classical scales.
- The period of Neoclassicism spanned from 1920 to 1950.
Modern Musical Techniques
- Atonality, emerging around 1908, refers to music without a key center.
- Polyrhythm involves the simultaneous use of two or more contrasting rhythms.
- Chance music allows composers to select pitches and rhythms randomly, in contrast to the structured methods of serialism.
- The 12-tone technique gives equal importance to all twelve pitches, arranged in a specific order known as a tone row.
Expressionism
- Expressionism seeks to express inner feelings rather than simply depict reality, using deliberate distortions.
- Influenced by the theories of Freud, it rejected conventional beauty, exploring emotional and psychological themes.
- Expressionist music often employs Sprechstimme, a vocal style between speaking and singing.
Musical Impact and Movements
- Debussy had a complex relationship with Wagner, simultaneously admiring and rejecting his work.
- The Rite of Spring, composed by Stravinsky, famously incited a riot at its 1913 premiere, exemplifying the intense emotional impact of new music.
- Music post-World War II saw an increase in 12-tone techniques, with movements such as serialism, chance music, and minimalist music becoming prominent.
Influences and Innovations
- Aaron Copland's stylistic simplicity is often associated with the Great Depression era, reflecting the socio-economic context of his time.
- Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue famously opens with a clarinet solo, showcasing the fusion of jazz and classical styles.
- Early 20th-century compositions featured expanded percussion and unique playing techniques, moving away from traditional orchestral textures.
Inspirational Roots
- Composers of the 20th century drew inspiration from diverse sources, including Asian and African music, as well as various historical European styles like medieval and baroque music.
- Impressionism in music, akin to French art and poetry, emphasizes atmospheric effects and nuanced soundscapes.
Electronic and Minimalist Music
- The advent of electronic music utilized technological advancements, such as synthesizers and recording techniques, to create new sound palettes and liberate composers from traditional performance constraints.
- Minimalism is characterized by steady pulses, clear tonality, and the repetition of short musical fragments, focusing on simplicity and clarity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to Neoclassicism and Atonality in music theory. This quiz covers influential composers, their backgrounds, and pivotal movements in music history. Get ready to explore the connections between different musical styles and their origins.