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Questions and Answers
What is the name given to drums as a group of percussion instruments?
What is the name given to drums as a group of percussion instruments?
- Idiophones
- Aerophones
- Chordophones
- Membranophones (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of blues music?
Which of the following is a characteristic of blues music?
- Sad themes and simple tunes based around three chords (correct)
- Use of synthesizers and electronic effects
- Complex harmonic progressions and upbeat themes
- Instrumental virtuosity and improvisation
Which artistic movement influenced Arnold Schoenberg?
Which artistic movement influenced Arnold Schoenberg?
- Realism
- Surrealism
- Expressionism (correct)
- Impressionism
Which composer's use of a large orchestra influenced Arnold Schoenberg?
Which composer's use of a large orchestra influenced Arnold Schoenberg?
What is the term for music that is not set in any key and has no tonic, as exemplified by Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire?
What is the term for music that is not set in any key and has no tonic, as exemplified by Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire?
What system of composition did Schoenberg invent eight years after Pierrot Lunaire?
What system of composition did Schoenberg invent eight years after Pierrot Lunaire?
Why did Arnold Schoenberg leave Germany to live in the US?
Why did Arnold Schoenberg leave Germany to live in the US?
Which of the following is true about Arnold Schoenberg's opera Moses and Aaron?
Which of the following is true about Arnold Schoenberg's opera Moses and Aaron?
Which musician amplified his guitar to play the Delta blues in a more striking way in Chicago during the 1950s?
Which musician amplified his guitar to play the Delta blues in a more striking way in Chicago during the 1950s?
Howlin' Wolf's blues rock sound is characterized by combining the three-chord blues with which elements?
Howlin' Wolf's blues rock sound is characterized by combining the three-chord blues with which elements?
Ray Charles is known for pioneering what genre by blending R&B, gospel music, and traditional blues elements?
Ray Charles is known for pioneering what genre by blending R&B, gospel music, and traditional blues elements?
Which characteristic defines the tsuzumi drum and differentiates it from other types of drums?
Which characteristic defines the tsuzumi drum and differentiates it from other types of drums?
In what context are rattle drums traditionally used by Indigenous peoples?
In what context are rattle drums traditionally used by Indigenous peoples?
What is a distinguishing feature of the West Indian steel drum that sets it apart from many other drum types?
What is a distinguishing feature of the West Indian steel drum that sets it apart from many other drum types?
Which drum is known for producing a crisp 'rat-a-tat-tat' sound and was commonly featured in 13th century European military bands?
Which drum is known for producing a crisp 'rat-a-tat-tat' sound and was commonly featured in 13th century European military bands?
Which drum has a foot pedal system to tighten or loosen the tension of the membrane, altering the pitch of the note?
Which drum has a foot pedal system to tighten or loosen the tension of the membrane, altering the pitch of the note?
What musical form, rooted in African tradition, significantly influenced early Black American music?
What musical form, rooted in African tradition, significantly influenced early Black American music?
What was the main purpose of field hollers and work songs used by enslaved people?
What was the main purpose of field hollers and work songs used by enslaved people?
What characterized the lyrical content of spiritual songs created by enslaved people?
What characterized the lyrical content of spiritual songs created by enslaved people?
George W. Johnson's Laughing Song is significant because it was:
George W. Johnson's Laughing Song is significant because it was:
What innovation, influenced by hearing a man play a knife across a guitar string, is W.C. Handy credited with incorporating into his music?
What innovation, influenced by hearing a man play a knife across a guitar string, is W.C. Handy credited with incorporating into his music?
Which of the following best describes the style of Delta Blues?
Which of the following best describes the style of Delta Blues?
How does Texas Blues, as pioneered by Blind Lemon Jefferson differ from Delta Blues?
How does Texas Blues, as pioneered by Blind Lemon Jefferson differ from Delta Blues?
Which characteristic sets New Orleans Blues apart from other regional blues styles?
Which characteristic sets New Orleans Blues apart from other regional blues styles?
Flashcards
20th Century Music
20th Century Music
An era of experimental and diverse musical styles.
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg
A composer known for developing the 12-tone system and atonal music.
Atonal Music
Atonal Music
Music that lacks a tonal center or key, creating a sense of unease.
12-Tone System
12-Tone System
A method of composition using all 12 notes in an octave equally.
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Membranophones
Membranophones
Percussion instruments that produce sound when a membrane is struck.
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Blues Music
Blues Music
An emotional genre rooted in the folk music of enslaved Black people, focused on sad themes.
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Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler
A composer known for his large orchestras and dramatic symphonies.
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Expressionist Art
Expressionist Art
Art movement involving vivid colors and shapes to express deep emotions.
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Call & Response Songs
Call & Response Songs
A music form where a lead singer's melody is followed by a responding group.
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Field Hollers
Field Hollers
Vocal sounds used by enslaved people in fields to communicate.
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Spiritual Songs
Spiritual Songs
Songs expressing the suffering and hope of enslaved people, combining African rhythms and Christian themes.
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First Black American Recording
First Black American Recording
The first recording made by a Black American, George W. Johnson's 'Laughing Song' in 1895.
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W.C. Handy
W.C. Handy
A musician who popularized blues after hearing a unique guitar sound in Mississippi.
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Delta Blues
Delta Blues
A style of blues music from the Mississippi Delta, known for its loud, rough sound.
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Electric Blues
Electric Blues
A modern genre of blues using electric guitars, developed from earlier styles.
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Piedmont Blues
Piedmont Blues
A finger-picking style of blues with syncopated rhythms, popularized by Blind Boy Fuller.
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Chicago Blues
Chicago Blues
A music style from the 1950s that features amplified Delta blues with additional instruments.
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Blues Rock
Blues Rock
A genre combining three-chord blues with boogie rhythms and rock and roll elements.
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Soul Blues
Soul Blues
A sound created by Ray Charles, merging R&B, gospel, and traditional blues.
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Tsuzumi
Tsuzumi
An hourglass-shaped drum with cords that change pitch when played with hands.
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Rattle Drum
Rattle Drum
A prehistoric drum with seeds inside, used in Indigenous ceremonies.
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Tabor
Tabor
A two-headed drum from medieval Europe, played with sticks for a sharp sound.
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Darbuka
Darbuka
A goblet-shaped hand-played drum used in ceremonies and festivities.
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West Indian Steel Drum
West Indian Steel Drum
A metal drum from Trinidad that produces different notes and can play tunes.
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20th Century Music
- The 20th century was an exciting and experimental period in music, with many different directions being taken.
- Today's musicians continue to develop new sounds and styles.
Arnold Schoenberg
- Born in 1874, Vienna, Austria
- Became a conductor and chorus master
- Converted to Protestantism in 1898
- Taught at Schwarzwald School
- Students included figures like Alban Berg and Anton Webern
- Traveled throughout Europe and Russia as a conductor and lecturer
- Founded the Society for Private Musical Performances.
- Became a US citizen in 1941.
- Died in 1951
- One must be convinced of the infallibility of one's own fantasy and one must believe in one's own inspiration.
Moonlight Magic (Pierrot Lunaire)
- Schoenberg's melodrama, a series of German songs.
- Based on 21 poems (1884) by Albert Giraud
- Features a soprano (female) dressed as a clown.
- Costumes include a white face, black clothing, collar, and cap.
- Accompanied by five instruments.
- Technique called sprechstimme where the music is half sung, half spoken.
Expression Through Painting
- Schoenberg tried to express his emotions through painting in 1907.
- He later gave up painting as a medium.
- He found music to be a better method of expressing himself.
Fun with Drums
- Percussion instruments were experimented with in the 20th century, both in classical and popular music.
- Drums, also known as membranophones, are used worldwide.
- Drums produce sound when a membrane is struck by an object.
Blues Music
- Blues music originated from the folk music of enslaved Black people in the southern US.
- Themes of sadness and emotion.
- Simple melodies based on three chords.
- Influenced jazz, rock, and R&B music.
- African rhythms and harmonies with Christian elements form an integral part of this genre.
- Enslaved people often used call-and-response or field hollers to communicate and keep time.
Blues Music Styles
- Delta blues (Charley Patton).
- Texas blues (Blind Lemon Jefferson).
- New Orleans blues (Professor Longhair).
- Louisiana blues (Lightnin' Slim).
- Piedmont/East Coast blues (Blind Boy Fuller).
- Chicago blues (Muddy Waters).
- Blues rock (Howlin' Wolf).
- Soul blues (Ray Charles).
- Country blues
Additional Notes
- 12-tone system: A system of composition using all 12 notes in an octave.
- Sprechstimme: A vocal technique where the music is half sung, half spoken.
- Membranophones: Instruments that produce sound when a stretched membrane is struck.
- R&B (Rhythm and Blues): Music style influenced by blues combined with pop, rock, and jazz.
- Techniques: Various techniques were used in the 20th century, some focusing on popular taste, and others dedicated to emotional expressive expression.
- Early 20th-century artists experimented with expressionist art, abstract color and shapes to express emotions in paintings.
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