Music of the Medieval Period

The Medieval Period

• Known as the Middle Ages or “Dark Ages," initiated by the fall of the Roman Empire.
• The Catholic Church emerged as the dominant institution, shaping music with a religious focus.

Musical Forms of the Medieval Period

• Music was categorized into sacred and secular forms.
• Sacred music included Gregorian Chant.
• Secular music featured Troubadour music.

Gregorian Chant

• Official music of the Roman Catholic Church for centuries.
• Also referred to as Plainsong or Plainchant, it is monophonic.
• Named after Pope Gregory I, who endorsed it.
• Utilizes Neumes, an early form of musical notation.

Characteristics of Gregorian Chants

• Monophonic texture, meaning a single melodic line.
• Free meter; rhythm is flexible rather than rigid.
• Based on Latin liturgy, central to Church services.
• Notation relies on Neume notation.

Troubadour Music

• Soundtrack of medieval life, covering various secular themes.
• Commonly focused on chivalry and courtly love.
• Engagement of Troubadours and their performances contributed to social commentary.

Minstrels and Jongleurs

• Minstrels were itinerant entertainers who shared news and gossip.
• Jongleurs (or jongleuses) were multi-talented performers who sang, danced, juggled, and showcased animal acts.

Troubadours and Trouveres

• Troubadours from Southern France were traveling poet-musicians.
• Trouveres in Northern France shared similar roles.
• Both flourished in various European courts, engaging audiences with their art.

Minnesingers

• A specific group of singers dedicated to themes of courtly love.

Characteristics of Troubadour Music

• Generally monophonic, occasionally accompanied by instruments.
• Focused on themes of chivalry and courtly love, portraying societal ideals.
• Originated in France and predominantly written in the French language.

Famous Composer of the Medieval Period

• Adam de la Halle (1237 – 1288) was a notable French-born trouvére.
• Known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback); he was among the earliest secular composers.

Famous Works of Adam de la Halle

• "Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion," a recognized work showcasing medieval theatrical music.
• "La Chanson du roi de Sicile," another significant contribution to the chanson genre.