Questions and Answers
What does Intellectual Dualism refer to?
What characterized the social and economic conditions from the 18th to 19th century in Europe?
Very class segregated, poor sanitation, growing industrialization, and an establishment of great classical composers.
What are the elements of Classical Style?
Lyrical melodies, symmetrical four-bar measures with clear cadences, repetition, harmonies based on major or minor scales, strong rhythms, and folk elements.
What instruments typically make up the Classical Orchestra?
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What defines the Classical Opera?
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What is Opera Suffa known for?
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List the movements of a classical symphony.
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Describe the movements of a Classical string quartet.
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Who was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
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What is Ein Kleine Nachtmusik?
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Tell me about Joseph Haydn.
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What did Ludwig Von Beethoven achieve?
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What is the structure of the Classical concerto form?
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What is the Classical Sonata Form?
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What is Opera Seria?
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What is Opera Comique known for?
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Study Notes
Intellectual Dualism
- Concept that the minor triad has a different natural origin compared to the major triad.
Social and Economic Conditions in 18th to 19th Century Europe
- Characterized by significant class segregation and poor sanitation.
- Context of rapid industrial growth.
- Rise of prominent classical composers and their careers during this period.
Elements of Classical Style
- Melodies: Features lyrical lines, symmetrical four-bar measures, clear cadences, and repetition.
- Harmonies: Based on seven tones of major or minor scales.
- Rhythmic Regularity: Utilizes strong rhythms in steady tempos within basic meters.
- Folk Elements: Incorporates motifs from German dances and waltzes, influenced by Viennese masters.
The Classical Orchestra
- Woodwinds: 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets, 2 Bassoons.
- Brass: 2 to 4 French horns, 2 Trumpets.
- Percussion: 2 Timpani.
- Strings: 10 Violins (1), 10 Violins (2), 9 Violas, 5 Cellos, 3 Double Basses.
The Classical Opera
- Features professionally trained singers performing a complete production, accompanied by an orchestra.
Opera Suffa
- Known as Italian comic opera, a lighter genre reflecting middle-class sentiments.
- Characteristics include lively plots, sung in the audience's language, and engaging ensembles at the end of each act.
Movements of a Classical Symphony
- 1st Movement: Fast tempo in Sonata Allegro form.
- 2nd Movement: Slow tempo, usually ABA form or Theme and Variations.
- 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast tempo, employing a dance form like Minuet or Scherzo.
- 4th Movement: Fast tempo, typically in Rondo or Sonata Rondo form.
Movements of a Classical String Quartet
- 1st Movement: Sonata form, Allegro, in tonic key.
- 2nd Movement: Slow, in subdominant key.
- 3rd Movement: Minuet and Trio, in tonic key.
- 4th Movement: Rondo form or Sonata Rondo form, in tonic key.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Child prodigy who composed music by age five and made profound contributions across musical genres.
- Renowned for lyrical melodies, colorful orchestration, and dramatic narratives.
- Notable works include "Eine kleine Nachtmusik," "Clarinet Concerto," and "The Magic Flute."
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
- Composed for strings, featuring four movements, including a sonata-allegro form for the first movement and various forms for subsequent movements.
- Engages with key transitions, rhythm structures, and thematic developments across movements.
Joseph Haydn
- Born in Rohrau, Austria; worked for the Esterhazy court.
- Significant figure in the development of Classical instrumental music, especially symphonies and string quartets.
- Well-known pieces include "No. 94 the Surprise" and "The London Symphonies."
Ludwig van Beethoven
- Born in Bonn, Germany; came from a musical lineage.
- Transitional figure between Classical and Romantic periods with music divided into three significant styles.
- Highly influential composer with famous works including "The Nine Symphonies."
Concerto Form
- Defined by three movements with a fast-slow-fast structure, characteristic of the Classical concerto.
The Classical Sonata Form
- A musical structure designed for either solo instruments or duets, foundational to the Classical style.
Opera Seria
- A serious Italian opera genre, focusing on recitatives and arias crafted to showcase the virtuosity of singers.
Opera Comique
- Characterized by rigid conventions, often presenting legends and heroic tales; a lighter Italian comic opera responding to the rising middle class, performed in accessible language with lively plots.
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Description
Explore the development of classical music in 18th and 19th century Europe, including the social and economic conditions of the time. Understand the elements of classical style, the structure of the classical orchestra, and the significance of intellectual dualism in music theory.