Music Chapter 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the tonic key?

The tonic key itself (correct)

A second key to which the music has modulated during the bridge passage

Many different keys

The relative major or relative minor of the tonic key

In sonata form, which section contains the most modulation?

Coda

Development (correct)

Exposition

Recapitulation

A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of:

C minor

C major (correct)

G minor

G major

In sonata form, what is repeated in the recapitulation?

The first theme followed by all the other elements of the exposition Signup and view all the answers

In sonata form, in what key is the second theme likely to be heard in the recapitulation?

The tonic key Signup and view all the answers

A coda is:

A closing section of a movement Signup and view all the answers

The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor has no:

Slow introduction Signup and view all the answers

The only one of Mozart's operas that was successful during his lifetime was:

The Magic Flute Signup and view all the answers

While in Vienna, Mozart relied on ________ for income.

teaching and concerts Signup and view all the answers

In theme and variations form, a typical form of the theme is:

|: a :||: b :| Signup and view all the answers

Haydn's last twelve symphonies are known as:

The London symphonies Signup and view all the answers

Haydn's career illustrates:

A combination of the patronage system and the concert system Signup and view all the answers

Which is true of most of Haydn's symphonies?

They include simple, good-humored melodies Signup and view all the answers

Which dance type(s) from the Baroque suite survived into the Classical era?

Minuet Signup and view all the answers

Typically, the third movement of a four-movement work from the Classical era is:

A minuet and trio Signup and view all the answers

Traditionally, the ________, a three-movement genre, does not include a minuet.

Classical concerto Signup and view all the answers

In the Classical era, four-movement works such as ________ always included a minuet.

symphonies and string quartets Signup and view all the answers

A Classical minuet:

Is a moderately paced movement in triple meter Signup and view all the answers

The section sandwiched between the minuet sections in a minuet is called the:

Trio Signup and view all the answers

Which depicts the form of a Classical minuet?

|: a :||: b aʹ :| |: c :||: d cʹ :| a b aʹ Signup and view all the answers

Which is true of the minuet?

The Classical minuet is more extended than the Baroque minuet Signup and view all the answers

Another term for Classical dance form is ________ form.

ternary Signup and view all the answers

The mood of movements in rondo form is generally:

Light and simple Signup and view all the answers

A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for:

A rondo Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a rondo?

One theme is repeated again and again, with contrasting episodes interspersed Signup and view all the answers

Who composed Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Signup and view all the answers

The first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A is in ________ form.

double-exposition Signup and view all the answers

The performing forces in Piano Concerto No. 23 in A consist of:

Piano, strings, and woodwinds Signup and view all the answers

For Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, the composer uses a reduced orchestra, omitting:

Oboes, trumpets, and timpani Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the orchestral exposition in the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

The piano comes in, and the orchestra has a secondary role Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the development section of the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

The orchestra and piano are in a dialogue Signup and view all the answers

The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.

mid-eighteenth Signup and view all the answers

The Classical style developed principally in:

Vienna Signup and view all the answers

Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?

Emperor Joseph II Signup and view all the answers

Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:

Voltaire and Rousseau Signup and view all the answers

The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):

Gathering in a home Signup and view all the answers

Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?

Public concert Signup and view all the answers

Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:

Please and entertain Signup and view all the answers

The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:

Rococo Signup and view all the answers

A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:

Divertimento Signup and view all the answers

Rousseau was Europe's first:

"Alienated intellectual." Signup and view all the answers

In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:

Operatic style of the Baroque era Signup and view all the answers

Rousseau desired:

Simple characters singing 'natural' music in opera Signup and view all the answers

Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:

Comic opera Signup and view all the answers

Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.

Italian comic Signup and view all the answers

The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:

Comic opera Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?

Regular public concerts with subscription ticket sales Signup and view all the answers

Oxford was the location of Europe's first:

Concert hall Signup and view all the answers

The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:

Orchestral music Signup and view all the answers

The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:

Symphonies and concertos Signup and view all the answers

Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?

Concert hall Signup and view all the answers

The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:

Full of 'natural' simplicity and pleasing variety Signup and view all the answers

The basic Classical orchestra had fewer instruments than the basic Baroque orchestra.

True Signup and view all the answers

In a movement of Classical music, the will stay the same, and the will be varied.

Meter and tempo; rhythms Signup and view all the answers

Dynamics and gradual dynamic changes were specifically notated by composers.

True Signup and view all the answers

The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________.

piano Signup and view all the answers

In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:

Had clearly defined roles Signup and view all the answers

The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:

Two of each: flute, oboe, bassoon, and optional clarinet Signup and view all the answers

The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:

Support the main harmonies Signup and view all the answers

The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:

Two timpani Signup and view all the answers

The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:

Orchestra Signup and view all the answers

Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?

Popular tunes Signup and view all the answers

The predominant texture of Classical music is:

Homophony Signup and view all the answers

What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?

Using the continuo to suggest the harmony Signup and view all the answers

Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?

Compared to Baroque composers, Classical composers employed a delicate and unobtrusive sort of polyphony in their music. Signup and view all the answers

In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create and was often found in sections.

tension; development Signup and view all the answers

How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition?

By repeating it right away Signup and view all the answers

How are Classical themes 'closed off'?

With multiple cadences Signup and view all the answers

Which is not one of the standard Classical forms?

Da Capo Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Classical practice of using standard forms?

Forms provided a commonly understood frame of reference for appreciating music. Signup and view all the answers

Who composed Symphony No. 40 in G Minor?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Signup and view all the answers

The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is in ________ form.

Sonata Signup and view all the answers

The performing forces in the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor consist of:

Strings and woodwinds Signup and view all the answers

The opening texture of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

A melody with homophonic accompaniment Signup and view all the answers

The meter of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

Simple duple Signup and view all the answers

The mode of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

Minor in the beginning, then changes to major and modulates several times, ending in minor Signup and view all the answers

The composer of Symphony No. 94 in G is:

Franz Joseph Haydn Signup and view all the answers

The form of the second movement of Symphony No. 94 in G is:

Theme and variations Signup and view all the answers

This symphony is nicknamed 'The Surprise' because of:

The fortissimo chord at the end of the second phrase. Signup and view all the answers

In the second variation, what do you hear instead of |: b2 :|?

A development-like section with a retransition Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat?

Minuet Signup and view all the answers

The minuet (A) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat ends with:

Repeated cadences Signup and view all the answers

At the end of the trio (B) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat, Haydn added:

A brief passage of transition back to the key of the minuet (A) Signup and view all the answers

The form of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D is:

Rondo Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the tempo of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?

Vivace Signup and view all the answers

What is heard at the beginning of the first episode in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?

Quick running scales with trumpet fanfares Signup and view all the answers

Which sections provide contrast to the other sections in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?

The second and fourth sections Signup and view all the answers

The major genre developed by Classical composers is the:

Symphony Signup and view all the answers

The first movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:

A moderate or fast movement in sonata form that sometimes has a slow introduction Signup and view all the answers

The second movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:

A slow movement with a quiet mood Signup and view all the answers

The third movement in Classical symphonies is always:

A minuet and trio Signup and view all the answers

The last movement in most Classical symphonies is:

The fastest movement, in sonata or rondo form Signup and view all the answers

The slow movement of a Classical instrumental work:

Could be in any of a variety of Classical forms Signup and view all the answers

The first movements of multimovement works from the Classical era are in ________ form.

Sonata Signup and view all the answers

Another name for an A B Aʹ form with an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation is ________ form.

Sonata Signup and view all the answers

What are the main elements of the exposition in sonata form?

First theme, bridge, second theme, cadence theme Signup and view all the answers

In sonata form, the bridge:

Modulates to a new key Signup and view all the answers

In sonata form, which is true of the key in which the second theme is heard in the exposition?

The second theme is heard in a new key, to which the music has modulated during the bridge section Signup and view all the answers

When themes are broken up, recombined, reorchestrated, extended, or played in new musical contexts, they are being:

Developed Signup and view all the answers

What key(s) is/are used during the development section in sonata form?

Various keys are used, as composers often explore different tonal possibilities during development. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Classical Style and Its Context

The Classical style emerged in the mid-eighteenth century, primarily in Vienna.
Emperor Joseph II was a significant ruler known for his generous encouragement of music during this era.

Enlightenment Influence

Influential philosophers of the Enlightenment included Voltaire and Rousseau.
The eighteenth-century salon served as a gathering place for intellectual discourse and artistic expression.

Musical Developments

Public concerts became a notable musical innovation in the eighteenth century, emphasizing music's purpose to please and entertain.
The Rococo style, characterized by light and ornamental qualities, developed in the mid-eighteenth century, with divertimento as a typical genre.

Rousseau's Contributions and Views

Rousseau is recognized as Europe's first "alienated intellectual," critiquing the operatic style of the Baroque era.
He valued simple characters and "natural" music in opera, contrasting with the complexities of previous styles.

Evolving Forms and Genres

Comic opera, known as opera buffa, became a progressive style in the latter part of the eighteenth century, supported by composers like Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart.
The novel, as a new literary genre, can be compared to comic opera in its narrative approach.

New Structures in Symphony

The rise of orchestral music was supported by the establishment of concert halls in places like Oxford.
The Classical symphony became a dominant genre, following specific movement structures:
- The first movement typically follows sonata form, often with a slow introduction.
- The second movement is generally a slow movement, while the third is a minuet and trio.
- The finale is the fastest movement, often in sonata or rondo form.

Characteristics of Classical Music

Classical music features homophony as the predominant texture, with composers utilizing dynamics notated specifically in compositions.
The orchestra during this period included a structured woodwind and brass section, with clearly defined roles.

Compositional Techniques

Sonata form includes exposition, development, and recapitulation, with the bridge modulating to a new key.
The second theme in the exposition usually appears in a different key, while in recapitulation, it returns in the tonic key.

Notable Works and Composers

Symphony No. 40 in G Minor by Mozart features a sonata form in its first movement, displaying textures of melody and homophonic accompaniment.
Franz Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G, nicknamed "The Surprise," is notable for its fortissimo chord at the end of the second movement.

Concluding Elements in Composition

A coda functions as a closing section, providing resolution to the musical narrative.
Classical composers often employed popular tunes within their works, integrating familiar themes to engage listeners.### Patronage System
Patrons supported musicians by supplying financial backing and security, allowing composers to focus on creativity.
The system fostered talent but often limited artistic freedom, with composers working within specific parameters set by their patrons.

Haydn's Symphonies

Haydn's last twelve symphonies are collectively referred to as the London symphonies, showcasing his mature style.
His career exemplifies the blend of the patronage system with the emerging concert system, marking a transition in musical performance opportunities.

Characteristics of Haydn's Music

Most of Haydn's symphonies feature simple, good-humored melodies that appeal to a wide audience.
Traditional Classical era symphonies typically consist of four movements, with the third movement commonly structured as a minuet and trio.

Dance Forms in Classical Music

The minuet is a moderate-paced dance in triple meter, contrasting with the more vigorous Baroque dances.
The trio section acts as a contrasting element between two minuet sections, creating a balanced form in the movement.

Rondo Form

Rondo form generally consists of a recurring theme interspersed with contrasting episodes, characterized by a light and simple mood.
The A B A C A B A structure exemplifies a rondo, highlighting repetition and variation.

Piano Concerto No. 23 in A

Composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the first movement is structured in double-exposition form, showcasing interplay between the piano and orchestra.
The performing forces include piano, strings, and woodwinds, with a reduced orchestral setting that omits oboes, trumpets, and timpani.
In the development section of this concerto, a dialogue is established between the orchestra and piano, enhancing the dynamic interaction.

General Insights

Classical minuet forms evolved from Baroque roots but became more extended and structured in the Classical era.
Each movement's mood and structure contribute uniquely to the overall composition, influencing the emotional experience of the music.

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Test your knowledge of the Classical music style with these flashcards based on Chapter 12. Review key aspects such as the timeline and major influences in music during this period. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of music history.

Music Chapter 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the tonic key?

In sonata form, which section contains the most modulation?

A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of:

In sonata form, what is repeated in the recapitulation?

In sonata form, in what key is the second theme likely to be heard in the recapitulation?

A coda is:

The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor has no:

The only one of Mozart's operas that was successful during his lifetime was:

While in Vienna, Mozart relied on ________ for income.

In theme and variations form, a typical form of the theme is:

Haydn's last twelve symphonies are known as:

Haydn's career illustrates:

Which is true of most of Haydn's symphonies?

Which dance type(s) from the Baroque suite survived into the Classical era?

Typically, the third movement of a four-movement work from the Classical era is:

Traditionally, the ________, a three-movement genre, does not include a minuet.

In the Classical era, four-movement works such as ________ always included a minuet.

A Classical minuet:

The section sandwiched between the minuet sections in a minuet is called the:

Which depicts the form of a Classical minuet?

Which is true of the minuet?

Another term for Classical dance form is ________ form.

The mood of movements in rondo form is generally:

A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for:

What happens in a rondo?

Who composed Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

The first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A is in ________ form.

The performing forces in Piano Concerto No. 23 in A consist of:

For Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, the composer uses a reduced orchestra, omitting:

What happens after the orchestral exposition in the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

What happens in the development section of the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?

The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.

The Classical style developed principally in:

Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?

Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:

The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):

Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?

Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:

The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:

A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:

Rousseau was Europe's first:

In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:

Rousseau desired:

Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:

Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.

The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:

What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?

Oxford was the location of Europe's first:

The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:

The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:

Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?

The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:

The basic Classical orchestra had fewer instruments than the basic Baroque orchestra.

In a movement of Classical music, the ________ will stay the same, and the ________ will be varied.

Dynamics and gradual dynamic changes were specifically notated by composers.

The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________.

In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:

The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:

The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:

The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:

The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:

Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?

The predominant texture of Classical music is:

What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?

Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?

In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.

How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition?

How are Classical themes 'closed off'?

Which is not one of the standard Classical forms?

What was the result of the Classical practice of using standard forms?

Who composed Symphony No. 40 in G Minor?

The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is in ________ form.

The performing forces in the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor consist of:

The opening texture of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

The meter of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

The mode of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:

The composer of Symphony No. 94 in G is:

The form of the second movement of Symphony No. 94 in G is:

In a movement of Classical music, the will stay the same, and the will be varied.

In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create and was often found in sections.