Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the tonic key?
What is the tonic key?
- The tonic key itself (correct)
- A second key to which the music has modulated during the bridge passage
- Many different keys
- The relative major or relative minor of the tonic key
In sonata form, which section contains the most modulation?
In sonata form, which section contains the most modulation?
- Coda
- Development (correct)
- Exposition
- Recapitulation
A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of:
A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of:
- C minor
- C major (correct)
- G minor
- G major
In sonata form, what is repeated in the recapitulation?
In sonata form, what is repeated in the recapitulation?
In sonata form, in what key is the second theme likely to be heard in the recapitulation?
In sonata form, in what key is the second theme likely to be heard in the recapitulation?
A coda is:
A coda is:
The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor has no:
The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor has no:
The only one of Mozart's operas that was successful during his lifetime was:
The only one of Mozart's operas that was successful during his lifetime was:
While in Vienna, Mozart relied on ________ for income.
While in Vienna, Mozart relied on ________ for income.
In theme and variations form, a typical form of the theme is:
In theme and variations form, a typical form of the theme is:
Haydn's last twelve symphonies are known as:
Haydn's last twelve symphonies are known as:
Haydn's career illustrates:
Haydn's career illustrates:
Which is true of most of Haydn's symphonies?
Which is true of most of Haydn's symphonies?
Which dance type(s) from the Baroque suite survived into the Classical era?
Which dance type(s) from the Baroque suite survived into the Classical era?
Typically, the third movement of a four-movement work from the Classical era is:
Typically, the third movement of a four-movement work from the Classical era is:
Traditionally, the ________, a three-movement genre, does not include a minuet.
Traditionally, the ________, a three-movement genre, does not include a minuet.
In the Classical era, four-movement works such as ________ always included a minuet.
In the Classical era, four-movement works such as ________ always included a minuet.
A Classical minuet:
A Classical minuet:
The section sandwiched between the minuet sections in a minuet is called the:
The section sandwiched between the minuet sections in a minuet is called the:
Which depicts the form of a Classical minuet?
Which depicts the form of a Classical minuet?
Which is true of the minuet?
Which is true of the minuet?
Another term for Classical dance form is ________ form.
Another term for Classical dance form is ________ form.
The mood of movements in rondo form is generally:
The mood of movements in rondo form is generally:
A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for:
A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for:
What happens in a rondo?
What happens in a rondo?
Who composed Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
Who composed Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
The first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A is in ________ form.
The first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A is in ________ form.
The performing forces in Piano Concerto No. 23 in A consist of:
The performing forces in Piano Concerto No. 23 in A consist of:
For Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, the composer uses a reduced orchestra, omitting:
For Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, the composer uses a reduced orchestra, omitting:
What happens after the orchestral exposition in the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
What happens after the orchestral exposition in the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
What happens in the development section of the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
What happens in the development section of the first movement of Piano Concerto No. 23 in A?
The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.
The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.
The Classical style developed principally in:
The Classical style developed principally in:
Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?
Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?
Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:
Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:
The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):
The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):
Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?
Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?
Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:
Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:
The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:
The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:
A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:
A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:
Rousseau was Europe's first:
Rousseau was Europe's first:
In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:
In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:
Rousseau desired:
Rousseau desired:
Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:
Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:
Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.
Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.
The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:
The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:
What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?
What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?
Oxford was the location of Europe's first:
Oxford was the location of Europe's first:
The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:
The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:
The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:
The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:
Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?
Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?
The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
The basic Classical orchestra had fewer instruments than the basic Baroque orchestra.
The basic Classical orchestra had fewer instruments than the basic Baroque orchestra.
In a movement of Classical music, the ________ will stay the same, and the ________ will be varied.
In a movement of Classical music, the ________ will stay the same, and the ________ will be varied.
Dynamics and gradual dynamic changes were specifically notated by composers.
Dynamics and gradual dynamic changes were specifically notated by composers.
The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________.
The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________.
In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:
In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:
The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:
The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:
The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:
The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:
Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?
Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?
The predominant texture of Classical music is:
The predominant texture of Classical music is:
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?
In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.
In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.
How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition?
How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition?
How are Classical themes 'closed off'?
How are Classical themes 'closed off'?
Which is not one of the standard Classical forms?
Which is not one of the standard Classical forms?
What was the result of the Classical practice of using standard forms?
What was the result of the Classical practice of using standard forms?
Who composed Symphony No. 40 in G Minor?
Who composed Symphony No. 40 in G Minor?
The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is in ________ form.
The first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is in ________ form.
The performing forces in the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor consist of:
The performing forces in the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor consist of:
The opening texture of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The opening texture of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The meter of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The meter of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The mode of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The mode of the first movement of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor is:
The composer of Symphony No. 94 in G is:
The composer of Symphony No. 94 in G is:
The form of the second movement of Symphony No. 94 in G is:
The form of the second movement of Symphony No. 94 in G is:
This symphony is nicknamed 'The Surprise' because of:
This symphony is nicknamed 'The Surprise' because of:
In the second variation, what do you hear instead of |: b2 :|?
In the second variation, what do you hear instead of |: b2 :|?
What is the form of the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat?
What is the form of the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat?
The minuet (A) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat ends with:
The minuet (A) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat ends with:
At the end of the trio (B) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat, Haydn added:
At the end of the trio (B) in the third movement of Symphony No. 99 in E-flat, Haydn added:
The form of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D is:
The form of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D is:
Which term best describes the tempo of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
Which term best describes the tempo of the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
What is heard at the beginning of the first episode in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
What is heard at the beginning of the first episode in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
Which sections provide contrast to the other sections in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
Which sections provide contrast to the other sections in the fourth movement of Symphony No. 101 in D?
The major genre developed by Classical composers is the:
The major genre developed by Classical composers is the:
The first movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:
The first movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:
The second movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:
The second movement in most Classical symphonies is generally:
The third movement in Classical symphonies is always:
The third movement in Classical symphonies is always:
The last movement in most Classical symphonies is:
The last movement in most Classical symphonies is:
The slow movement of a Classical instrumental work:
The slow movement of a Classical instrumental work:
The first movements of multimovement works from the Classical era are in ________ form.
The first movements of multimovement works from the Classical era are in ________ form.
Another name for an A B Aʹ form with an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation is ________ form.
Another name for an A B Aʹ form with an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation is ________ form.
What are the main elements of the exposition in sonata form?
What are the main elements of the exposition in sonata form?
In sonata form, the bridge:
In sonata form, the bridge:
In sonata form, which is true of the key in which the second theme is heard in the exposition?
In sonata form, which is true of the key in which the second theme is heard in the exposition?
When themes are broken up, recombined, reorchestrated, extended, or played in new musical contexts, they are being:
When themes are broken up, recombined, reorchestrated, extended, or played in new musical contexts, they are being:
What key(s) is/are used during the development section in sonata form?
What key(s) is/are used during the development section in sonata form?
Study Notes
The Classical Style and Its Context
- The Classical style emerged in the mid-eighteenth century, primarily in Vienna.
- Emperor Joseph II was a significant ruler known for his generous encouragement of music during this era.
Enlightenment Influence
- Influential philosophers of the Enlightenment included Voltaire and Rousseau.
- The eighteenth-century salon served as a gathering place for intellectual discourse and artistic expression.
Musical Developments
- Public concerts became a notable musical innovation in the eighteenth century, emphasizing music's purpose to please and entertain.
- The Rococo style, characterized by light and ornamental qualities, developed in the mid-eighteenth century, with divertimento as a typical genre.
Rousseau's Contributions and Views
- Rousseau is recognized as Europe's first "alienated intellectual," critiquing the operatic style of the Baroque era.
- He valued simple characters and "natural" music in opera, contrasting with the complexities of previous styles.
Evolving Forms and Genres
- Comic opera, known as opera buffa, became a progressive style in the latter part of the eighteenth century, supported by composers like Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart.
- The novel, as a new literary genre, can be compared to comic opera in its narrative approach.
New Structures in Symphony
- The rise of orchestral music was supported by the establishment of concert halls in places like Oxford.
- The Classical symphony became a dominant genre, following specific movement structures:
- The first movement typically follows sonata form, often with a slow introduction.
- The second movement is generally a slow movement, while the third is a minuet and trio.
- The finale is the fastest movement, often in sonata or rondo form.
Characteristics of Classical Music
- Classical music features homophony as the predominant texture, with composers utilizing dynamics notated specifically in compositions.
- The orchestra during this period included a structured woodwind and brass section, with clearly defined roles.
Compositional Techniques
- Sonata form includes exposition, development, and recapitulation, with the bridge modulating to a new key.
- The second theme in the exposition usually appears in a different key, while in recapitulation, it returns in the tonic key.
Notable Works and Composers
- Symphony No. 40 in G Minor by Mozart features a sonata form in its first movement, displaying textures of melody and homophonic accompaniment.
- Franz Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G, nicknamed "The Surprise," is notable for its fortissimo chord at the end of the second movement.
Concluding Elements in Composition
- A coda functions as a closing section, providing resolution to the musical narrative.
- Classical composers often employed popular tunes within their works, integrating familiar themes to engage listeners.### Patronage System
- Patrons supported musicians by supplying financial backing and security, allowing composers to focus on creativity.
- The system fostered talent but often limited artistic freedom, with composers working within specific parameters set by their patrons.
Haydn's Symphonies
- Haydn's last twelve symphonies are collectively referred to as the London symphonies, showcasing his mature style.
- His career exemplifies the blend of the patronage system with the emerging concert system, marking a transition in musical performance opportunities.
Characteristics of Haydn's Music
- Most of Haydn's symphonies feature simple, good-humored melodies that appeal to a wide audience.
- Traditional Classical era symphonies typically consist of four movements, with the third movement commonly structured as a minuet and trio.
Dance Forms in Classical Music
- The minuet is a moderate-paced dance in triple meter, contrasting with the more vigorous Baroque dances.
- The trio section acts as a contrasting element between two minuet sections, creating a balanced form in the movement.
Rondo Form
- Rondo form generally consists of a recurring theme interspersed with contrasting episodes, characterized by a light and simple mood.
- The A B A C A B A structure exemplifies a rondo, highlighting repetition and variation.
Piano Concerto No. 23 in A
- Composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the first movement is structured in double-exposition form, showcasing interplay between the piano and orchestra.
- The performing forces include piano, strings, and woodwinds, with a reduced orchestral setting that omits oboes, trumpets, and timpani.
- In the development section of this concerto, a dialogue is established between the orchestra and piano, enhancing the dynamic interaction.
General Insights
- Classical minuet forms evolved from Baroque roots but became more extended and structured in the Classical era.
- Each movement's mood and structure contribute uniquely to the overall composition, influencing the emotional experience of the music.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Classical music style with these flashcards based on Chapter 12. Review key aspects such as the timeline and major influences in music during this period. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of music history.
