Musculoskeletal System (Part 2)

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Questions and Answers

Match the types of muscle tissues with their characteristics:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Striated and voluntary Cardiac muscle tissue = Striated and involuntary Smooth muscle tissue = Non-striated and involuntary Skeletal muscle fiber = Long cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei

Match the functions of the muscular system with their descriptions:

Producing body movements = Creating motions for daily activities Stabilizing body positions = Maintaining posture and balance Moving substances within the body = Transporting blood and food Producing heat = Generating warmth through muscle contractions

Match the type of muscle tissue with its location:

Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones Cardiac muscle = Walls of the heart Smooth muscle = Internal organs Skeletal muscle fiber = Muscle bundles

Match the type of muscle tissue with its control mechanism:

Skeletal muscle = Voluntary control Cardiac muscle = Involuntary control Smooth muscle = Involuntary control Skeletal muscle fiber = Voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle with its structural characteristics:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Contains many nuclei Cardiac muscle tissue = Centrally located single nucleus Smooth muscle tissue = Non-striated appearance Skeletal muscle fiber = Striated with alternate light & dark bands Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle tissue with its main components:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Connective tissues and blood vessels Cardiac muscle tissue = Cardiocytes Smooth muscle tissue = Internal organ linings Skeletal muscle fiber = Bundles forming muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle types with the activities they perform:

Skeletal muscle = Body movements and posture Cardiac muscle = Pumping blood Smooth muscle = Controlling organ function Skeletal muscle fiber = Contraction and relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle tissue with its description about striations:

Skeletal muscle = Striated appearance Cardiac muscle = Striated appearance Smooth muscle = Non-striated appearance Skeletal muscle fiber = Striated appearance Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle action sequence with the correct steps:

1 = ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft 2 = Muscle AP travelling along transverse tubule 3 = Troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back 4 = Muscle relaxes Signup and view all the answers

Match the component with their function in muscle contraction:

ACh receptor = Binds ACh to trigger muscle action potential Calcium ions = Bind to troponin to expose myosin binding sites Acetylcholinesterase = Destroys ACh in the synaptic cleft SR (Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) = Releases Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Match the event with the related substance:

ACh = Triggers muscle action potential Ca2+ = Elevated in the sarcoplasm during contraction Myosin heads = Perform power strokes using ATP Active transport pumps = Restore low levels of Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

Match the description to the corresponding muscle process:

Diffusion of ACh = Initial step in contraction Calcium release from SR = Critical for muscle contraction Power strokes = Contraction mechanism of myosin Muscle relaxation = Restoration of troponin-tropomyosin position Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its appropriate description:

Transverse tubule = Conducts muscle AP Synaptic cleft = Space between neuron and muscle Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of muscle fiber Myosin = Protein that interacts with actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

Match the function to the cellular structures involved:

Ca2+ release channels = Open to allow calcium influx SR = Stores calcium ions Muscle AP = Triggers contraction cycle ACh vesicles = Transport neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle contraction phases with their processes:

Excitation = Release of ACh Coupling = Ca2+ binds to troponin Contraction = Power strokes and filament sliding Relaxation = Calcium active transport restarts Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle action potential characteristics with their descriptions:

Depolarization = Na+ influx causing membrane potential change Repolarization = K+ efflux restoring resting potential Threshold = Minimal stimulus level for muscle AP Resting state = Prior to initiation of muscle AP Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of muscle contraction with their corresponding descriptions:

Calcium release = Triggers muscle contraction Cross-bridge formation = Myosin heads bind to actin Power stroke = Myosin head bends towards H zone Recovery stroke = Myosin heads detach from actin Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the sliding filament theory with their functions:

Troponin = Binds calcium to expose actin Tropomyosin = Covers actin active sites when muscle is not contracted Myosin = Forms cross-bridges with actin Actin = Thin filament that interacts with myosin Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of muscle contraction with their sequences:

Excitation = Action potential arrives at neuromuscular junction Calcium binding = Calcium binds to troponin Cross-bridge cycling = Myosin pulls actin filaments Relaxation = Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh Signup and view all the answers

Match the events of muscle relaxation with their processes:

Acetylcholine degradation = Prevents continuous stimulation Calcium reabsorption = Cleans up calcium from sarcoplasm Muscle fiber return = Resets muscle tension Myosin head reorientation = Myosin heads prepare for next contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the roles of ATP in muscle contraction with their purposes:

Hydrolysis of ATP = Energizes myosin heads Release of cross-bridges = Detaches myosin from actin Power stroke support = Provides energy for myosin movement Reorientation of myosin = Prepares myosin for another cycle Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure involved in muscle contraction with its function:

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum = Stores and releases calcium T-tubules = Conducts action potentials into muscle fiber Myofibrils = Contains the thick and thin filaments Motor neuron = Stimulates muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific components of the contraction cycle with their order:

<ol> <li>Calcium binds = Triggers exposure of binding sites</li> <li>Myosin heads bind = Cross-bridge formation occurs</li> <li>Myosin heads rotate = Carries out the power stroke</li> <li>Myosin heads detach = Releases the cross-bridge</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions of muscle contraction phases with their characteristics:

Excitation-contraction coupling = Links electrical stimulation to muscle response The contraction phase = Involves the sliding of filaments The relaxation phase = Muscle returns to resting state The refractory period = Time when muscle cannot be stimulated again Signup and view all the answers

Match the terminology related to muscle contraction with their meanings:

ACh = Neurotransmitter that triggers contraction Cross-bridge = Temporary connection between myosin and actin Sarcomere = Functional unit of muscle contraction Myofibril = Bundle of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting muscle contraction with their influences:

Calcium levels = Impact the ability of myosin to bind ATP availability = Essential for repeated contractions Nerve impulse frequency = Determines strength of contraction Temperature = Affects enzyme activity in muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle contractions with their definitions:

Isometric = Tension rises, length of muscle remains constant Isotonic = Tension rises, length of muscle changes Concentric = Muscle shortens during contraction Eccentric = Muscle lengthens during contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of a muscle twitch with their descriptions:

Lag phase = Time taken for the muscle to start contracting after stimulus Contraction phase = Period in which tension increases and muscle contracts Relaxation phase = Period after contraction where muscle returns to resting state Repeated stimulation = Causes summation and affects muscle tension Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to motor units with their definitions:

Motor neuron = Neurons that stimulate muscle fibers Motor unit = Consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates Recruitment = Increasing the number of active motor units for a greater contraction Precise movements = Controlled by small motor units with fewer muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle fatigue with their examples:

Muscle cramps = Involuntary muscle contractions often due to dehydration Rigor mortis = Stiffness in muscles after death due to ATP depletion Fatigue = Weaker contractions due to ATP usage exceeding production Recovery = Restoring original capabilities after fatigue has occurred Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms associated with summation in muscle contractions:

Wave summation = One twitch added to another Incomplete tetanus = Muscle does not relax completely but shows partial relaxation Complete tetanus = No relaxation phase occurs during stimulation Twitch = A single contraction and relaxation cycle in a muscle Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to muscle performance with their definitions:

Hypertrophy = Enlargement of muscle fibers due to training Atrophy = Decrease in muscle mass due to inactivity Myofibrils = Contractile elements within muscle fibers Mitochondria = Site of ATP production within muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of muscle contraction types:

Isometric contraction = No change in muscle length while tension increases Isotonic contraction = Muscle changes length while maintaining tension Concentric contraction = Muscle shortens to produce movement Eccentric contraction = Muscle lengthens as it resists a force Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle fibers with their physical traits:

Fast fibers = Large diameter with few mitochondria Slow fibers = Smaller diameter with abundant capillaries Glycogen reserves = High in fast fibers for rapid energy Myoglobin concentration = Higher in slow fibers for oxygen storage Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle structures with their functions:

Epimysium = Surrounds the entire muscle Perimysium = Sheathes bundles of muscle fibers Endomysium = Covers individual muscle fibers Tendons = Attach muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

Match the proteins found in muscle fibers to their roles:

Actin = Thin filament involved in contraction Myosin = Thick filament that forms cross-bridges Tropomyosin = Covers active sites on actin Troponin = Binds to Ca+ and holds tropomyosin in place Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of muscle contraction with their sequence:

ACh release = At the neuromuscular junction Calcium release = From the sarcoplasmic reticulum Thick/thin filament interaction = Occurs during contraction Muscle fiber contraction = Final result of excitation Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle types with their locations in the body:

Cardiac muscle = Found in the heart Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones Smooth muscle = Found in blood vessel walls Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle contraction process with its components:

Excitation = Begins at the neuromuscular junction Action potential = Triggers the release of calcium Filament interaction = Involves actin and myosin Relaxation = Occurs when calcium is reabsorbed Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotransmitter with its action:

Acetylcholine = Released at the synaptic cleft Dopamine = Not primarily involved in muscle contraction Serotonin = Not related to neuromuscular junction Norepinephrine = Not associated with skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of skeletal muscle fibers with their descriptions:

Sarcolemma = Cell membrane of the muscle fiber Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of the muscle cell Sarcoplasmic Reticulum = Stores calcium ions T-tubules = Help transmit action potential Signup and view all the answers

Match the smooth muscle functions with their effects:

Peristalsis = Moves food through the digestive tract Vasoconstriction = Controls blood flow in vessels Pupil dilation = Adjusts light entering the eyes Involuntary contractions = Not under conscious control Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle-related terms with their meanings:

Striated = Muscle fibers with visible stripes Non-striated = Muscle fibers without stripes Voluntary = Muscles control via conscious effort Involuntary = Muscles function without conscious control Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes