Musculoskeletal System (Part 2)

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Match the types of muscle tissues with their characteristics:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Striated and voluntary Cardiac muscle tissue = Striated and involuntary Smooth muscle tissue = Non-striated and involuntary Skeletal muscle fiber = Long cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei

Match the functions of the muscular system with their descriptions:

Producing body movements = Creating motions for daily activities Stabilizing body positions = Maintaining posture and balance Moving substances within the body = Transporting blood and food Producing heat = Generating warmth through muscle contractions

Match the type of muscle tissue with its location:

Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones Cardiac muscle = Walls of the heart Smooth muscle = Internal organs Skeletal muscle fiber = Muscle bundles

Match the type of muscle tissue with its control mechanism:

Skeletal muscle = Voluntary control Cardiac muscle = Involuntary control Smooth muscle = Involuntary control Skeletal muscle fiber = Voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle with its structural characteristics:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Contains many nuclei Cardiac muscle tissue = Centrally located single nucleus Smooth muscle tissue = Non-striated appearance Skeletal muscle fiber = Striated with alternate light & dark bands Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle tissue with its main components:

Skeletal muscle tissue = Connective tissues and blood vessels Cardiac muscle tissue = Cardiocytes Smooth muscle tissue = Internal organ linings Skeletal muscle fiber = Bundles forming muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle types with the activities they perform:

Skeletal muscle = Body movements and posture Cardiac muscle = Pumping blood Smooth muscle = Controlling organ function Skeletal muscle fiber = Contraction and relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle tissue with its description about striations:

Skeletal muscle = Striated appearance Cardiac muscle = Striated appearance Smooth muscle = Non-striated appearance Skeletal muscle fiber = Striated appearance Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle action sequence with the correct steps:

1 = ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft 2 = Muscle AP travelling along transverse tubule 3 = Troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back 4 = Muscle relaxes Signup and view all the answers

Match the component with their function in muscle contraction:

ACh receptor = Binds ACh to trigger muscle action potential Calcium ions = Bind to troponin to expose myosin binding sites Acetylcholinesterase = Destroys ACh in the synaptic cleft SR (Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) = Releases Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Match the event with the related substance:

ACh = Triggers muscle action potential Ca2+ = Elevated in the sarcoplasm during contraction Myosin heads = Perform power strokes using ATP Active transport pumps = Restore low levels of Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

Match the description to the corresponding muscle process:

Diffusion of ACh = Initial step in contraction Calcium release from SR = Critical for muscle contraction Power strokes = Contraction mechanism of myosin Muscle relaxation = Restoration of troponin-tropomyosin position Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its appropriate description:

Transverse tubule = Conducts muscle AP Synaptic cleft = Space between neuron and muscle Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of muscle fiber Myosin = Protein that interacts with actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

Match the function to the cellular structures involved:

Ca2+ release channels = Open to allow calcium influx SR = Stores calcium ions Muscle AP = Triggers contraction cycle ACh vesicles = Transport neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle contraction phases with their processes:

Excitation = Release of ACh Coupling = Ca2+ binds to troponin Contraction = Power strokes and filament sliding Relaxation = Calcium active transport restarts Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle action potential characteristics with their descriptions:

Depolarization = Na+ influx causing membrane potential change Repolarization = K+ efflux restoring resting potential Threshold = Minimal stimulus level for muscle AP Resting state = Prior to initiation of muscle AP Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of muscle contraction with their corresponding descriptions:

Calcium release = Triggers muscle contraction Cross-bridge formation = Myosin heads bind to actin Power stroke = Myosin head bends towards H zone Recovery stroke = Myosin heads detach from actin Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the sliding filament theory with their functions:

Troponin = Binds calcium to expose actin Tropomyosin = Covers actin active sites when muscle is not contracted Myosin = Forms cross-bridges with actin Actin = Thin filament that interacts with myosin Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of muscle contraction with their sequences:

Excitation = Action potential arrives at neuromuscular junction Calcium binding = Calcium binds to troponin Cross-bridge cycling = Myosin pulls actin filaments Relaxation = Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh Signup and view all the answers

Match the events of muscle relaxation with their processes:

Acetylcholine degradation = Prevents continuous stimulation Calcium reabsorption = Cleans up calcium from sarcoplasm Muscle fiber return = Resets muscle tension Myosin head reorientation = Myosin heads prepare for next contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the roles of ATP in muscle contraction with their purposes:

Hydrolysis of ATP = Energizes myosin heads Release of cross-bridges = Detaches myosin from actin Power stroke support = Provides energy for myosin movement Reorientation of myosin = Prepares myosin for another cycle Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure involved in muscle contraction with its function:

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum = Stores and releases calcium T-tubules = Conducts action potentials into muscle fiber Myofibrils = Contains the thick and thin filaments Motor neuron = Stimulates muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific components of the contraction cycle with their order:

<ol> <li>Calcium binds = Triggers exposure of binding sites</li> <li>Myosin heads bind = Cross-bridge formation occurs</li> <li>Myosin heads rotate = Carries out the power stroke</li> <li>Myosin heads detach = Releases the cross-bridge</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions of muscle contraction phases with their characteristics:

Excitation-contraction coupling = Links electrical stimulation to muscle response The contraction phase = Involves the sliding of filaments The relaxation phase = Muscle returns to resting state The refractory period = Time when muscle cannot be stimulated again Signup and view all the answers

Match the terminology related to muscle contraction with their meanings:

ACh = Neurotransmitter that triggers contraction Cross-bridge = Temporary connection between myosin and actin Sarcomere = Functional unit of muscle contraction Myofibril = Bundle of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting muscle contraction with their influences:

Calcium levels = Impact the ability of myosin to bind ATP availability = Essential for repeated contractions Nerve impulse frequency = Determines strength of contraction Temperature = Affects enzyme activity in muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle contractions with their definitions:

Isometric = Tension rises, length of muscle remains constant Isotonic = Tension rises, length of muscle changes Concentric = Muscle shortens during contraction Eccentric = Muscle lengthens during contraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of a muscle twitch with their descriptions:

Lag phase = Time taken for the muscle to start contracting after stimulus Contraction phase = Period in which tension increases and muscle contracts Relaxation phase = Period after contraction where muscle returns to resting state Repeated stimulation = Causes summation and affects muscle tension Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to motor units with their definitions:

Motor neuron = Neurons that stimulate muscle fibers Motor unit = Consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates Recruitment = Increasing the number of active motor units for a greater contraction Precise movements = Controlled by small motor units with fewer muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle fatigue with their examples:

Muscle cramps = Involuntary muscle contractions often due to dehydration Rigor mortis = Stiffness in muscles after death due to ATP depletion Fatigue = Weaker contractions due to ATP usage exceeding production Recovery = Restoring original capabilities after fatigue has occurred Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms associated with summation in muscle contractions:

Wave summation = One twitch added to another Incomplete tetanus = Muscle does not relax completely but shows partial relaxation Complete tetanus = No relaxation phase occurs during stimulation Twitch = A single contraction and relaxation cycle in a muscle Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to muscle performance with their definitions:

Hypertrophy = Enlargement of muscle fibers due to training Atrophy = Decrease in muscle mass due to inactivity Myofibrils = Contractile elements within muscle fibers Mitochondria = Site of ATP production within muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of muscle contraction types:

Isometric contraction = No change in muscle length while tension increases Isotonic contraction = Muscle changes length while maintaining tension Concentric contraction = Muscle shortens to produce movement Eccentric contraction = Muscle lengthens as it resists a force Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of muscle fibers with their physical traits:

Fast fibers = Large diameter with few mitochondria Slow fibers = Smaller diameter with abundant capillaries Glycogen reserves = High in fast fibers for rapid energy Myoglobin concentration = Higher in slow fibers for oxygen storage Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle structures with their functions:

Epimysium = Surrounds the entire muscle Perimysium = Sheathes bundles of muscle fibers Endomysium = Covers individual muscle fibers Tendons = Attach muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

Match the proteins found in muscle fibers to their roles:

Actin = Thin filament involved in contraction Myosin = Thick filament that forms cross-bridges Tropomyosin = Covers active sites on actin Troponin = Binds to Ca+ and holds tropomyosin in place Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of muscle contraction with their sequence:

ACh release = At the neuromuscular junction Calcium release = From the sarcoplasmic reticulum Thick/thin filament interaction = Occurs during contraction Muscle fiber contraction = Final result of excitation Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle types with their locations in the body:

Cardiac muscle = Found in the heart Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones Smooth muscle = Found in blood vessel walls Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle contraction process with its components:

Excitation = Begins at the neuromuscular junction Action potential = Triggers the release of calcium Filament interaction = Involves actin and myosin Relaxation = Occurs when calcium is reabsorbed Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotransmitter with its action:

Acetylcholine = Released at the synaptic cleft Dopamine = Not primarily involved in muscle contraction Serotonin = Not related to neuromuscular junction Norepinephrine = Not associated with skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of skeletal muscle fibers with their descriptions:

Sarcolemma = Cell membrane of the muscle fiber Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of the muscle cell Sarcoplasmic Reticulum = Stores calcium ions T-tubules = Help transmit action potential Signup and view all the answers

Match the smooth muscle functions with their effects:

Peristalsis = Moves food through the digestive tract Vasoconstriction = Controls blood flow in vessels Pupil dilation = Adjusts light entering the eyes Involuntary contractions = Not under conscious control Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle-related terms with their meanings:

Striated = Muscle fibers with visible stripes Non-striated = Muscle fibers without stripes Voluntary = Muscles control via conscious effort Involuntary = Muscles function without conscious control Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The most abundant tissue in the human body. It's responsible for movement and is directly controlled by the brain.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Cardiac muscle tissue is specific to the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. It's involuntary, meaning it's not controlled by conscious thought.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth muscle tissue, found in internal organs like the digestive system and blood vessels, helps control various bodily functions. It's involuntary, meaning it's not under conscious control.

Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Skeletal muscle cells are also called muscle fibers due to their long, cylindrical shape. Each fiber contains multiple nuclei and is striated, displaying alternating dark and light bands under a microscope.