Musculoskeletal System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'musculoskeletal' pertain to?

muscles and skeleton

What is the branch of medicine involved in the prevention and correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system?

orthopedics

Who specializes in disorders of the bones and associated structures?

orthopedist

What is the common name for the clavicle?

<p>collarbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the cranium?

<p>skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the costa?

<p>rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the scapula?

<p>shoulder blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sternum' refer to?

<p>breastbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the vertebrae?

<p>spinal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cervical vertebrae?

<p>spinal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lumbar vertebrae?

<p>spinal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the humerus?

<p>upper arm bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'femur' refer to?

<p>thigh bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the patella?

<p>kneecap</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'calcaneus' refer to?

<p>heel bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'osteomalacia' imply?

<p>decay or softening of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'arthritis' refer to?

<p>inflammation of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'ten/o'?

<p>tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'myelitis' mean?

<p>inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'spondylitis'?

<p>inflammation of a vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Musculoskeletal System

  • Musculoskeletal refers to the combined system of muscles and skeleton.

Orthopedics

  • A medical specialty focusing on preventing and correcting musculoskeletal system deformities and diseases, particularly of bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments.

Orthopedist

  • A healthcare professional specializing in bone disorders and associated structures across all age groups.

Bone Structure

  • Clavicle (collarbone): CF clavicul/o.
  • Cranium (skull): CF crani/o.
  • Costa (rib): CF cost/o.
  • Scapula (shoulder blade): CF scapul/o.
  • Sternum (breastbone): CF stern/o.
  • Spine: CF rachi/o, spin/o, forms the backbone.
  • Vertebrae: CF spondyl/o, vertebr/o, spinal bones of various types (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx).

Major Limbs and Connective Bones

  • Humerus: CF humer/o, upper arm bone.
  • Radius (forearm): CF radi/o.
  • Ulna (forearm): CF uln/o.
  • Carpals: CF carp/o, wrist bones.
  • Metacarpals: CF metacarp/o, bones forming the hand.
  • Phalanges: CF phalang/o, bones of fingers and toes.
  • Femur: CF femor/o, thigh bone.
  • Patella: CF patell/o, kneecap.
  • Fibula and Tibia: CF fibul/o and tibi/o, lower leg bones.
  • Tarsals: CF tars/o, ankle bones.
  • Calcaneus: CF calcane/o, heel bone.
  • Metatarsals: CF metatars/o, foot bones.

Common Conditions and Terms

  • Rachiodynia / Rachiagia: pain in the spine.
  • Spondylitis: inflammation of a vertebra.
  • Intervertebral: located between two adjacent vertebrae.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid: clear fluid circulating in the brain and spinal cord.

Anatomy References

  • Lumb/o: lower back.
  • Lumbago: dull, aching pain in the lower back.

Rib and Joint Relations

  • True ribs: first 7 pairs directly attach to the sternum; false ribs: 5 pairs do not.
  • Intercostal: situated between the ribs.
  • Sternocostal: relation between sternum and ribs.

Joint Types

  • Synovial joints: have cavities for movement, contain synovial fluid (e.g., elbow, knee).
  • Bursae: fluid-filled sacs reducing friction in joints.

Movement Terms

  • Extension: action of straightening a limb.
  • Flexion: action of bending a limb.

Tissue Types

  • Osteoid: resembling bone.
  • Calcification: process of tissue hardening due to calcium deposits.
  • Osteomalacia: bone softening due to calcium loss.
  • Osteomyelitis: bone inflammation often involving marrow.
  • Chondral: pertaining to cartilage and its structures.

Terminology Components

  • CF (Combining Form): indicates anatomical or pathological terms' roots.
  • Prefixes like "de-" (down) and "meta-" (change or next) can alter meanings.
  • Suffix "-sarcoma": indicating a malignant tumor in connective tissue.

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Description

Explore the fascinating details of the musculoskeletal system, including bone structure and the role of orthopedics in preventing and correcting deformities. This quiz covers essential terminology and the major components of bones and limbs essential for students in the field of medicine.

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